TUNISIA
Arabs Doing It For Themselves
HOW IT BEGAN:
The unrest began on Dec. 17 in the central Tunisian city of Sidi Bouzid,
when
an impoverished street vendor named Mohammed Bouazizi, after being harassed by police, set himself on fire in front of a local government building in protest "over his inability to earn a living in a country beset
with high unemployment rates, soaring prices, growing income
inequalities and crippling political repression." Bouazizi later died in
a hospital. Demonstrations broke out, spreading to the capital,
Tunis
, with demonstrators "circulating calls to rally over social networks like Facebook and Twitter." The military was deployed around the capital,
initially "dispers[ing] protesters with billy clubs, tear gas and bullets." "Some said the army had used rooftop snipers to fire on the crowd." The protests continued, with reports of people "ransacking government buildings in the capital,
and throughout other provinces. Police have also been accused of
participating in looting, and citizens have made appeals for the
protection of their property." Opposition leaders have "portrayed the new government as walking a tightrope, balancing the public's demand for a purge
of the old ruling party against their fears of a government collapse that
could invite a military takeover."
MIDDLE EAST SHOCKWAVES:
The overturning of an Arab regime has created shockwaves in the region.
Speaking at the Arab Economic Summit in Egypt on Wednesday, Arab League
Secretary-General Amr Moussa "warned Middle East leaders that the political upheaval in Tunisia is an indicator of
spreading discontent" in the Middle East. "It is on everyone's mind that
the Arab soul is broken by poverty, unemployment and general
recession," said Moussa. "The Tunisian revolution is not far from us.
The Arab citizen has entered an unprecedented state of anger and
frustration." Arab populations "face problems similar to those that led to the unrest in Tunisia --
surging prices, poverty and political systems that offer little or no
outlet for dissent." Meanwhile, Iraq's populist Shi'ite cleric Moqtada
al-Sadr hailed the demonstrators, saying in a statement that "the Tunisian people have
turned a black page through their own strength, without occupation or
outside intervention." Analyst Aaron Zeilin observed, "jihadists' non-involvement in
organizing, encouraging, or even participating in the Tunisian protests
suggests that the jihadist current has been largely irrelevant to Tunisia's
popular uprising." Commenting on the impact of new media technologies on
the uprising, Marc Lynch wrote, "Calling Tunisia a 'Twitter Revolution' is simplistic, but even skeptics have to recognize that the new media environment
mattered." Lynch also stressed the continuing role of Al Jazeera in
relaying information throughout the Arabic-speaking world.
U.S. RESPONSE:
Speaking in Doha, Qatar, on Thursday, the day before Ben Ali fled the
country, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton warned, "in too many places, in too many ways, the region's foundations are sinking into the sand. ... Extremist elements, terrorist groups and others who would prey on desperation and
poverty are already out there appealing for allegiance and competing
for influence." Daniel Brumberg of the U.S. Institute of Peace noted
that, despite the "high-flying
rhetoric
" of George W. Bush's Freedom Agenda, the authoritarian government of
Ben Ali -- who held office since 1987 -- remained a key U.S. ally
against Islamist extremism. Responding to the protests on January 14,
President Obama called "on the Tunisian government to respect human rights, and to hold free and fair elections in the near future that reflect the true will and
aspirations of the Tunisian people." Criticizing the Obama
administration's response, the Council on Foreign Relation's Mohammad Bazzi
wrote that "Obama missed a chance to
show the Arab world that he can live up to his lofty rhetoric. He must
seize the next opportunity to portray America as a more sympathetic
power." On Sunday, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton "underscored the importance of addressing popular concerns about the lack of civil liberties and economic opportunities, and the need to move forward with credible democratic elections."
|
|