Roberto Abraham Scaruffi

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The Truth About Currency Manipulation Congress and the Trans-Pacific Partnership By C. Fred Bergsten Obama’s signature international economic initiative is the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), but bipartisan majorities of both houses of Congress have insisted that the TPP forcefully address the manipulation of exchange rates. Here's how to resolve this dilemma.

The Algerian Legacy How France Should Confront Its Past By Jonathan Laurence Although the absolutism of French republican ideals has inspired democracies worldwide for centuries, it has only been France's gradual adjustment of those ideals to social and demographic realities—first to its Jewish population and in the future, perhaps, to the Muslim...

Aid for Peace Does Money Buy Hearts and Minds?  By Eli Berman, Joseph H. Felter, Jacob N. Shapiro Aid, investment, and job creation don't necessarily bringing peace to conflict zones. In fact, aid often fuels violence. Policymakers need smarter development programs to minimize such unintended side effects.

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Diplomatic History Diplomatic History is the principal journal devoted to the history of U.S. diplomacy, foreign relations, and security issues, examining issues from the colonial period to the present in a global and comparative context. Read “Take me to Havana! Airline Hijacking, U.S.-Cuba Relations, and Political Protest in Late Sixties’ America,” free from the latest issue. Browse the latest issue of Diplomatic History at dh.oxfordjournals.org.

Hezbollah Hesitates? The Group's Uncertain Transformation By Daniel Byman and Bilal Y. Saab If the three-decade history of confrontation between Israel and Hezbollah is any guide, the latter will likely retaliate for this week's raid. But that is not inevitable. The Syrian conflict has transformed Hezbollah, arguably turning it into a more cautious foe of the Jewish...

Under the Sea The Vulnerability of the Commons By Robert Martinage Ninety-five percent of intercontinental communications traffic travels not by air or through space but by undersea cable. The United States, however, is failing to protect this critical infrastructure. Here’s how Washington must change course.

The Great Ratings Game How Countries Become Creditworthy By David James Gill and Michael John Gill For today's cash-strapped countries, a strong credit rating can provide a huge advantages. Getting one, however, is not simply a matter of hitting the right benchmarks; it's also an exercise in strategy.

Making Sense of North Korea How to Respond to Pyongyang's Charm Offensive By Jung-Chul Lee and Inwook Kim Recent hacking aside, Pyongyang has been softening its tone for some time now—a possible sign that it is ready to return to the negotiating table.

The Nordic Model A Conversation With Niklas Zennstrom By Niklas Zennstrom Niklas Zennstrom, founder of Skype, talks to Foreign Affairs about the sharing economy, why start-ups are thriving in Europe, and how technology can address climate change.

The Eurasian Illusion The Myth of Russia's Economic Union By Anton Barbashin Russian President Vladimir Putin hopes that the new Eurasian Economic Union will reintegrate the former Soviet states. But the union is nothing more than an illusion—and an unconvincing one at that.

Mending Iraq Can Abadi Bridge the Country's Sectarian Divide? By Muhamed H. Almaliky The new prime minister has inherited a country on the brink of collapse. Here's how he has done in his first months in power.

False Security in Kenya When Counterterrorism is Counterproductive By Joshua Meservey Nairobi's use of extreme measures to fight terrorism is undermining its fledgling democracy.