The Federal Reserve Cartel: The Eight Families
By Dean Henderson
URL of this article: www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=va&aid=25080
Global Research, June 1, 2011
(Part one of a four-part series)
The Four Horsemen of Banking (Bank of America, JP
Morgan Chase, Citigroup and Wells Fargo) own the Four Horsemen of Oil
(Exxon Mobil, Royal Dutch/Shell, BP and Chevron Texaco); in tandem with
Deutsche Bank, BNP, Barclays and other European old money behemoths. But
their monopoly over the global economy does not end at the edge of the
oil patch.
According to company 10K filings to the SEC, the Four
Horsemen of Banking are among the top ten stock holders of virtually
every Fortune 500 corporation.[1]
So who then are the stockholders in these money center banks?
This information is guarded much more closely. My
queries to bank regulatory agencies regarding stock ownership in the top
25 US bank holding companies were given Freedom of Information Act
status, before being denied on “national security” grounds. This is
rather ironic, since many of the bank’s stockholders reside in Europe.
One important repository for the wealth of the global
oligarchy that owns these bank holding companies is US Trust
Corporation - founded in 1853 and now owned by Bank of America. A recent
US Trust Corporate Director and Honorary Trustee was Walter Rothschild.
Other directors included Daniel Davison of JP Morgan Chase, Richard
Tucker of Exxon Mobil, Daniel Roberts of Citigroup and Marshall Schwartz
of Morgan Stanley. [2]
J. W. McCallister, an oil industry insider with House
of Saud connections, wrote in The Grim Reaper that information he
acquired from Saudi bankers cited 80% ownership of the New York Federal
Reserve Bank- by far the most powerful Fed branch- by just eight
families, four of which reside in the US. They are the Goldman Sachs,
Rockefellers, Lehmans and Kuhn Loebs of New York; the Rothschilds of
Paris and London; the Warburgs of Hamburg; the Lazards of Paris; and the
Israel Moses Seifs of Rome.
CPA Thomas D. Schauf corroborates McCallister’s
claims, adding that ten banks control all twelve Federal Reserve Bank
branches. He names N.M. Rothschild of London, Rothschild Bank of Berlin,
Warburg Bank of Hamburg, Warburg Bank of Amsterdam, Lehman Brothers of
New York, Lazard Brothers of Paris, Kuhn Loeb Bank of New York, Israel
Moses Seif Bank of Italy, Goldman Sachs of New York and JP Morgan Chase
Bank of New York. Schauf lists William Rockefeller, Paul Warburg, Jacob
Schiff and James Stillman as individuals who own large shares of the
Fed. [3] The Schiffs are insiders at Kuhn Loeb. The Stillmans are
Citigroup insiders, who married into the Rockefeller clan at the turn of
the century.
Eustace Mullins came to the same conclusions in his
book The Secrets of the Federal Reserve, in which he displays charts
connecting the Fed and its member banks to the families of Rothschild,
Warburg, Rockefeller and the others. [4]
The control that these banking families exert over
the global economy cannot be overstated and is quite intentionally
shrouded in secrecy. Their corporate media arm is quick to discredit any
information exposing this private central banking cartel as “conspiracy
theory”. Yet the facts remain.
The House of Morgan
The Federal Reserve Bank was born in 1913, the same
year US banking scion J. Pierpont Morgan died and the Rockefeller
Foundation was formed. The House of Morgan presided over American
finance from the corner of Wall Street and Broad, acting as quasi-US
central bank since 1838, when George Peabody founded it in London.
Peabody was a business associate of the Rothschilds.
In 1952 Fed researcher Eustace Mullins put forth the supposition that
the Morgans were nothing more than Rothschild agents. Mullins wrote that
the Rothschilds, “...preferred to operate anonymously in the US behind
the facade of J.P. Morgan & Company”. [5]
Author Gabriel Kolko stated, “Morgan’s activities in
1895-1896 in selling US gold bonds in Europe were based on an alliance
with the House of Rothschild.” [6]
The Morgan financial octopus wrapped its tentacles
quickly around the globe. Morgan Grenfell operated in London. Morgan et
Ce ruled Paris. The Rothschild's Lambert cousins set up Drexel &
Company in Philadelphia.
The House of Morgan catered to the Astors, DuPonts,
Guggenheims, Vanderbilts and Rockefellers. It financed the launch of
AT&T, General Motors, General Electric and DuPont. Like the
London-based Rothschild and Barings banks, Morgan became part of the
power structure in many countries.
By 1890 the House of Morgan was lending to Egypt’s
central bank, financing Russian railroads, floating Brazilian provincial
government bonds and funding Argentine public works projects. A
recession in 1893 enhanced Morgan’s power. That year Morgan saved the US
government from a bank panic, forming a syndicate to prop up government
reserves with a shipment of $62 million worth of Rothschild gold. [7]
Morgan was the driving force behind Western expansion
in the US, financing and controlling West-bound railroads through
voting trusts. In 1879 Cornelius Vanderbilt’s Morgan-financed New York
Central Railroad gave preferential shipping rates to John D.
Rockefeller’s budding Standard Oil monopoly, cementing the
Rockefeller/Morgan relationship.
The House of Morgan now fell under Rothschild and
Rockefeller family control. A New York Herald headline read, “Railroad
Kings Form Gigantic Trust”. J. Pierpont Morgan, who once stated,
“Competition is a sin”, now opined gleefully, “Think of it. All
competing railroad traffic west of St. Louis placed in the control of
about thirty men.”[8]
Morgan and Edward Harriman’s banker Kuhn Loeb held a
monopoly over the railroads, while banking dynasties Lehman, Goldman
Sachs and Lazard joined the Rockefellers in controlling the US
industrial base. [9]
In 1903 Banker’s Trust was set up by the Eight
Families. Benjamin Strong of Banker’s Trust was the first Governor of
the New York Federal Reserve Bank. The 1913 creation of the Fed fused
the power of the Eight Families to the military and diplomatic might of
the US government. If their overseas loans went unpaid, the oligarchs
could now deploy US Marines to collect the debts. Morgan, Chase and
Citibank formed an international lending syndicate.
The House of Morgan was cozy with the British House
of Windsor and the Italian House of Savoy. The Kuhn Loebs, Warburgs,
Lehmans, Lazards, Israel Moses Seifs and Goldman Sachs also had close
ties to European royalty. By 1895 Morgan controlled the flow of gold in
and out of the US. The first American wave of mergers was in its infancy
and was being promoted by the bankers. In 1897 there were sixty-nine
industrial mergers. By 1899 there were twelve-hundred. In 1904 John
Moody - founder of Moody’s Investor Services - said it was impossible to
talk of Rockefeller and Morgan interests as separate. [10]
Public distrust of the combine spread. Many
considered them traitors working for European old money. Rockefeller’s
Standard Oil, Andrew Carnegie’s US Steel and Edward Harriman’s railroads
were all financed by banker Jacob Schiff at Kuhn Loeb, who worked
closely with the European Rothschilds.
Several Western states banned the bankers. Populist
preacher William Jennings Bryan was thrice the Democratic nominee for
President from 1896 -1908. The central theme of his anti-imperialist
campaign was that America was falling into a trap of “financial
servitude to British capital”. Teddy Roosevelt defeated Bryan in 1908,
but was forced by this spreading populist wildfire to enact the Sherman
Anti-Trust Act. He then went after the Standard Oil Trust.
In 1912 the Pujo hearings were held, addressing
concentration of power on Wall Street. That same year Mrs. Edward
Harriman sold her substantial shares in New York’s Guaranty Trust Bank
to J.P. Morgan, creating Morgan Guaranty Trust. Judge Louis Brandeis
convinced President Woodrow Wilson to call for an end to interlocking
board directorates. In 1914 the Clayton Anti-Trust Act was passed.
Jack Morgan - J. Pierpont’s son and successor -
responded by calling on Morgan clients Remington and Winchester to
increase arms production. He argued that the US needed to enter WWI.
Goaded by the Carnegie Foundation and other oligarchy fronts, Wilson
accommodated. As Charles Tansill wrote in America Goes to War, “Even
before the clash of arms, the French firm of Rothschild Freres cabled to
Morgan & Company in New York suggesting the flotation of a loan of
$100 million, a substantial part of which was to be left in the US to
pay for French purchases of American goods.”
The House of Morgan financed half the US war effort,
while receiving commissions for lining up contractors like GE, Du Pont,
US Steel, Kennecott and ASARCO. All were Morgan clients. Morgan also
financed the British Boer War in South Africa and the Franco-Prussian
War. The 1919 Paris Peace Conference was presided over by Morgan, which
led both German and Allied reconstruction efforts. [11]
In the 1930’s populism resurfaced in America after
Goldman Sachs, Lehman Bank and others profited from the Crash of 1929.
[12] House Banking Committee Chairman Louis McFadden (D-NY) said of the
Great Depression, “It was no accident. It was a carefully contrived
occurrence...The international bankers sought to bring about a condition
of despair here so they might emerge as rulers of us all”.
Sen. Gerald Nye (D-ND) chaired a munitions
investigation in 1936. Nye concluded that the House of Morgan had
plunged the US into WWI to protect loans and create a booming arms
industry. Nye later produced a document titled The Next War, which
cynically referred to “the old goddess of democracy trick”, through
which Japan could be used to lure the US into WWII.
In 1937 Interior Secretary Harold Ickes warned of the
influence of “America’s 60 Families”. Historian Ferdinand Lundberg
later penned a book of the exact same title. Supreme Court Justice
William O. Douglas decried, “Morgan influence...the most pernicious one
in industry and finance today.”
Jack Morgan responded by nudging the US towards WWII.
Morgan had close relations with the Iwasaki and Dan families - Japan’s
two wealthiest clans - who have owned Mitsubishi and Mitsui,
respectively, since the companies emerged from 17th Century shogunates.
When Japan invaded Manchuria, slaughtering Chinese peasants at Nanking,
Morgan downplayed the incident. Morgan also had close relations with
Italian fascist Benito Mussolini, while German Nazi Dr. Hjalmer Schacht
was a Morgan Bank liaison during WWII. After the war Morgan
representatives met with Schacht at the Bank of International
Settlements (BIS) in Basel, Switzerland. [13]
The House of Rockefeller
BIS is the most powerful bank in the world, a global
central bank for the Eight Families who control the private central
banks of almost all Western and developing nations. The first President
of BIS was Rockefeller banker Gates McGarrah- an official at Chase
Manhattan and the Federal Reserve. McGarrah was the grandfather of
former CIA director Richard Helms. The Rockefellers- like the Morgans-
had close ties to London. David Icke writes in Children of the Matrix,
that the Rockefellers and Morgans were just “gofers” for the European
Rothschilds. [14]
BIS is owned by the Federal Reserve, Bank of England,
Bank of Italy, Bank of Canada, Swiss National Bank, Nederlandsche Bank,
Bundesbank and Bank of France.
Historian Carroll Quigley wrote in his epic book
Tragedy and Hope that BIS was part of a plan, “to create a world system
of financial control in private hands able to dominate the political
system of each country and the economy of the world as a whole...to be
controlled in a feudalistic fashion by the central banks of the world
acting in concert by secret agreements.”
The US government had a historical distrust of BIS,
lobbying unsuccessfully for its demise at the 1944 post-WWII Bretton
Woods Conference. Instead the Eight Families’ power was exacerbated,
with the Bretton Woods creation of the IMF and the World Bank. The US
Federal Reserve only took shares in BIS in September 1994. [15]
BIS holds at least 10% of monetary reserves for at
least 80 of the world’s central banks, the IMF and other multilateral
institutions. It serves as financial agent for international agreements,
collects information on the global economy and serves as lender of last
resort to prevent global financial collapse.
BIS promotes an agenda of monopoly capitalist
fascism. It gave a bridge loan to Hungary in the 1990’s to ensure
privatization of that country’s economy. It served as conduit for Eight
Families funding of Adolf Hitler- led by the Warburg's J. Henry
Schroeder and Mendelsohn Bank of Amsterdam. Many researchers assert that
BIS is at the nadir of global drug money laundering. [16]
It is no coincidence that BIS is headquartered in
Switzerland, favorite hiding place for the wealth of the global
aristocracy and headquarters for the P-2 Italian Freemason’s Alpina
Lodge and Nazi International. Other institutions which the Eight
Families control include the World Economic Forum, the International
Monetary Conference and the World Trade Organization.
Bretton Woods was a boon to the Eight Families. The
IMF and World Bank were central to this “new world order”. In 1944 the
first World Bank bonds were floated by Morgan Stanley and First Boston.
The French Lazard family became more involved in House of Morgan
interests. Lazard Freres- France’s biggest investment bank- is owned by
the Lazard and David-Weill families- old Genoese banking scions
represented by Michelle Davive. A recent Chairman and CEO of Citigroup
was Sanford Weill.
In 1968 Morgan Guaranty launched Euro-Clear, a
Brussels-based bank clearing system for Eurodollar securities. It was
the first such automated endeavor. Some took to calling Euro-Clear “The
Beast”. Brussels serves as headquarters for the new European Central
Bank and for NATO. In 1973 Morgan officials met secretly in Bermuda to
illegally resurrect the old House of Morgan, twenty years before Glass
Steagal Act was repealed. Morgan and the Rockefellers provided the
financial backing for Merrill Lynch, boosting it into the Big 5 of US
investment banking. Merrill is now part of Bank of America.
John D. Rockefeller used his oil wealth to acquire
Equitable Trust, which had gobbled up several large banks and
corporations by the 1920’s. The Great Depression helped consolidate
Rockefeller’s power. His Chase Bank merged with Kuhn Loeb’s Manhattan
Bank to form Chase Manhattan, cementing a long-time family relationship.
The Kuhn-Loeb’s had financed - along with Rothschilds - Rockefeller's
quest to become king of the oil patch. National City Bank of Cleveland
provided John D. with the money needed to embark upon his monopolization
of the US oil industry. The bank was identified in Congressional
hearings as being one of three Rothschild-owned banks in the US during
the 1870’s, when Rockefeller first incorporated as Standard Oil of Ohio.
[17]
One Rockefeller Standard Oil partner was Edward
Harkness, whose family came to control Chemical Bank. Another was James
Stillman, whose family controlled Manufacturers Hanover Trust. Both
banks have merged under the JP Morgan Chase umbrella. Two of James
Stillman’s daughters married two of William Rockefeller’s sons. The two
families control a big chunk of Citigroup as well. [18]
In the insurance business, the Rockefellers control
Metropolitan Life, Equitable Life, Prudential and New York Life.
Rockefeller banks control 25% of all assets of the 50 largest US
commercial banks and 30% of all assets of the 50 largest insurance
companies. [19] Insurance companies- the first in the US was launched by
Freemasons through their Woodman’s of America- play a key role in the
Bermuda drug money shuffle.
Companies under Rockefeller control include Exxon
Mobil, Chevron Texaco, BP Amoco, Marathon Oil, Freeport McMoran, Quaker
Oats, ASARCO, United, Delta, Northwest, ITT, International Harvester,
Xerox, Boeing, Westinghouse, Hewlett-Packard, Honeywell, International
Paper, Pfizer, Motorola, Monsanto, Union Carbide and General Foods.
The Rockefeller Foundation has close financial ties
to both Ford and Carnegie Foundations. Other family philanthropic
endeavors include Rockefeller Brothers Fund, Rockefeller Institute for
Medical Research, General Education Board, Rockefeller University and
the University of Chicago- which churns out a steady stream of far right
economists as apologists for international capital, including Milton
Friedman.
The family owns 30 Rockefeller Plaza, where the
national Christmas tree is lighted every year, and Rockefeller Center.
David Rockefeller was instrumental in the construction of the World
Trade Center towers. The main Rockefeller family home is a hulking
complex in upstate New York known as Pocantico Hills. They also own a
32-room 5th Avenue duplex in Manhattan, a mansion in Washington, DC,
Monte Sacro Ranch in Venezuela, coffee plantations in Ecuador, several
farms in Brazil, an estate at Seal Harbor, Maine and resorts in the
Caribbean, Hawaii and Puerto Rico. [20]
The Dulles and Rockefeller families are cousins.
Allen Dulles created the CIA, assisted the Nazis, covered up the Kennedy
hit from his Warren Commission perch and struck a deal with the Muslim
Brotherhood to create mind-controlled assassins. [21]
Brother John Foster Dulles presided over the phony
Goldman Sachs trusts before the 1929 stock market crash and helped his
brother overthrow governments in Iran and Guatemala. Both were Skull
& Bones, Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) insiders and 33rd Degree
Masons. [22]
The Rockefellers were instrumental in forming the
depopulation-oriented Club of Rome at their family estate in Bellagio,
Italy. Their Pocantico Hills estate gave birth to the Trilateral
Commission. The family is a major funder of the eugenics movement which
spawned Hitler, human cloning and the current DNA obsession in US
scientific circles.
John Rockefeller Jr. headed the Population Council
until his death. [23] His namesake son is a Senator from West Virginia.
Brother Winthrop Rockefeller was Lieutenant Governor of Arkansas and
remains the most powerful man in that state. In an October 1975
interview with Playboy magazine, Vice-President Nelson Rockefeller- who
was also Governor of New York- articulated his family's patronizing
worldview, “I am a great believer in planning- economic, social,
political, military, total world planning.”
But of all the Rockefeller brothers, it is Trilateral
Commission (TC) founder and Chase Manhattan Chairman David who has
spearheaded the family’s fascist agenda on a global scale. He defended
the Shah of Iran, the South African apartheid regime and the Chilean
Pinochet junta. He was the biggest financier of the CFR, the TC and
(during the Vietnam War) the Committee for an Effective and Durable
Peace in Asia- a contract bonanza for those who made their living off
the conflict.
Nixon asked him to be Secretary of Treasury, but
Rockefeller declined the job, knowing his power was much greater at the
helm of the Chase. Author Gary Allen writes in The Rockefeller File that
in 1973, “David Rockefeller met with twenty-seven heads of state,
including the rulers of Russia and Red China.”
Following the 1975 Nugan Hand Bank/CIA coup against
Australian Prime Minister Gough Whitlam, his British Crown-appointed
successor Malcolm Fraser sped to the US, where he met with President
Gerald Ford after conferring with David Rockefeller. [24]
Next Week: Part II: Freemasons & The Bank of the United States
Notes
[1] 10K Filings of Fortune 500 Corporations to SEC. 3-91
[2] 10K Filing of US Trust Corporation to SEC. 6-28-95
[3] “The Federal Reserve ‘Fed Up’. Thomas Schauf. www.davidicke.com 1-02
[4] The Secrets of the Federal Reserve. Eustace Mullins. Bankers Research Institute. Staunton, VA. 1983. p.179
[5] Ibid. p.53
[6] The Triumph of Conservatism. Gabriel Kolko. MacMillan and Company New York. 1963. p.142
[7]
Rule by Secrecy: The Hidden History that Connects the Trilateral
Commission, the Freemasons and the Great Pyramids. Jim Marrs.
HarperCollins Publishers. New York. 2000. p.57
[8] The House of Morgan. Ron Chernow. Atlantic Monthly Press NewYork 1990
[9] Marrs. p.57
[10] Democracy for the Few. Michael Parenti. St. Martin’s Press. New York. 1977. p.178
[11] Chernow
[12] The Great Crash of 1929. John Kenneth Galbraith. Houghton, Mifflin Company. Boston. 1979. p.148
[13] Chernow
[14] Children of the Matrix. David Icke. Bridge of Love. Scottsdale, AZ. 2000
[15]
The Confidence Game: How Un-Elected Central Bankers are Governing the
Changed World Economy. Steven Solomon. Simon & Schuster. New York.
1995. p.112
[16] Marrs. p.180
[17] Ibid. p.45
[18] The Money Lenders: The People and Politics of the World Banking Crisis. Anthony Sampson. Penguin Books. New York. 1981
[19] The Rockefeller File. Gary Allen. ’76 Press. Seal Beach, CA. 1977
[20] Ibid
[21] Dope Inc.: The Book That Drove Kissinger Crazy. Editors of Executive Intelligence Review. Washington, DC. 1992
[22] Marrs.
[23] The Rockefeller Syndrome. Ferdinand Lundberg. Lyle Stuart Inc. Secaucus, NJ. 1975. p.296
[24] Marrs. p.53
