Roberto Abraham Scaruffi: Agricultores pressionam por mais imigrantes nos EUA

Friday, 9 September 2011

Agricultores pressionam por mais imigrantes nos EUA


Refugees United Brasil



Posted: 08 Sep 2011 05:56 AM PDT
Fonte: The Wall Street Journal
Por Miriam Jordan

Trabalhadores colhem cebolas no Estado da Georgia, em maio. A Georgia é um dos Estados americanos que apertaram as leis de imigração (Foto: Associated Press)
A solidariedade recente do Partido Republicano, que faz oposição ao presidente Barack Obama, com os imigrantes ilegais começa a rachar devido à pressão de grupos agrícolas, e há dois congressistas do partindo propondo programas que facilitariam para estrangeiros trabalhar legalmente nos campos e pomares dos Estados Unidos.
Pesquisadores da área trabalhista dizem que mais de 1,4 milhão de pessoas são empregadas como trabalhadores rurais nos EUA por ano, e a estimativa do Departamento do Trabalho calcula que mais da metade delas está no país ilegalmente. Organizações de produtores rurais dizem que o número passa de 75% e que projetos de lei tramitando no Congresso tirariam dos americanos alimentos produzidos nacionalmente.
“Precisamos de terra, água e mão-de-obra para produzir a comida que alimenta este país”, disse Tom Deardoff, cuja família de produtores agrícolas do sul da Califórnia já está na quarta geração. Ele faz parte do conselho da importante associação Western Growers. “Eles estão tentando tirar nossos trabalhadores.”
O deputado republicano Lamar Smith, do Texas, que adota uma linha dura sobre a imigração e preside a Comissão Judiciária da Câmara, planeja apresentar um projeto de lei para revisar o atual programa de trabalhadores estrangeiros temporários e permitir que até meio milhão deles passem até um ano trabalhando nos EUA.
O deputado republicano Dan Lungren, que representa um distrito da Califórnia em que há produtores de amêndoa, arroz e uva, também busca a criação de uma nova categoria de visto para trabalhadores agrícolas. Ele disse que vai permitir que “centenas de milhares” de trabalhadores agrícolas estrangeiros trabalhem nos EUA até dez meses por temporada, o mesmo período permitido na proposta de Smith.
O lobby incrementado dos grupos agrícolas sobre a questão representa um reconhecimento franco da dependência deles da mão-de-obra imigrante — legal ou não. O argumento é que a maioria dos americanos evita os trabalhos agrícolas porque muitos são de natureza sazonal e migratória, bem como fisicamente árduos.
Mas também está aumentando a preocupação de um número maior de empresários americanos com a necessidade de uma racionalização da política de imigração que seja mais favorável às empresas. Outros setores como o de lanchonetes, hotéis e construção civil, que também empregam trabalhadores com poucas habilidades, têm sofrido com a fiscalização federal e perdido empregados que estão no país ilegalmente.
Em geral, os pré-candidatos republicanos à Casa Branca dizem que ainda é cedo para discutir mudanças na lei de imigração até que a fronteira com o México esteja protegida. As campanhas dos maiores candidatos republicanos à presidência não retornaram pedidos de comentário.
As duas propostas relacionadas à agricultura no Congresso são uma tentativa de aplacar os produtores rurais que vêm invadindo Washington desde junho para combater outra lei proposta por Smith.
Os grupos de agricultores alegam que o projeto de lei que impõe a verificação eletrônica do status imigratório de empregados, conhecido como Lei E-Verify, causaria uma grave escassez de mão-de-obra para um setor que depende de trabalhadores ilegais.
“Se não encontrarmos uma solução para esse problema da mão-de-obra na agricultura, não acho que vai dar para aprovar o projeto da Lei E-Verify”, disse Lungren numa entrevista ao Wall Street Journal, acrescentando que “ele está enfrentando a realidade”.
O deputado republicano Doc Hastings, do Estado de Washington, que diz que tem ouvido queixas de produtores rurais que dependem de imigrantes ilegais em seu Estado, e que também afirma ter dialogado com Smith sobre as preocupações deles, diz “que agora há um reconhecimento de que os trabalhadores agrícolas têm que ser tratados de forma diferente” dos de outros setores.
Desde que o presidente Barack Obama assumiu o poder, o setor agrícola tem sofrido várias auditorias federais na folha de pagamento, que forçaram alguns produtores a demitir centenas de trabalhadores. Os produtores rurais dizem que a “Lei da Força de Trabalho Legal”, de Smith vai devastar o setor. Ela obrigaria todas as empresas a usar um banco de dados chamado E-Verify para checar se os empregados estão autorizados a trabalhar nos EUA.
Em meio ao alto desemprego, a obrigação de usar o E-Verify ganhou o apoio de muitos no Congresso e parecia ter uma chance considerável de ser aprovada na Câmara, controlada pelos republicanos. Mas os fazendeiros, tradicionais eleitores republicanos, estão pressionando os congressistas a se oporem à lei.
Já surgem sinais de tensão sobre o E-Verify entre alguns líderes republicanos, segundo pessoas envolvidas nas discussões.
Produtores frustrados com os projetos de lei montaram uma campanha chamada “Salve a Economia e a Alimentação dos EUA” para divulgar os riscos da aprovação da E-Verify. O site do grupo alerta que se o Congresso aprovar a lei, “nossa indústria agrícola vai desmoronar e nosso país vai terceirizar o fornecimento de alimentos para países como China e México”.
Um integrante da Comissão Judiciária da Câmara notou que embora todos os empregadores seriam forçados a usar o E-Verify, isso se aplicaria apenas aos futuros empregados. A lei também permitiria que os trabalhadores sazonais deixem o país e não tenham de ser sujeitos ao E-Verify se o empregador continuar o mesmo e eles receberem autorização para voltar aos EUA.
Enquanto isso, produtores de várias partes dos EUA já estão sofrendo escassez de trabalhadores devido à saraivada recente de novas leis estaduais para combater a imigração ilegal.
(Colaborou Danny Yadron.)

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Information Clearing House Newsletter
News You Won't Find On CNN
September 08, 2011
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"We will not walk in fear, one of another. We will not be driven by fear into an age of unreason, if we dig deep in our history and our doctrine; and remember that we are not descended from fearful men. Not from men who feared to write, to speak, to associate, and to defend causes that were for the moment unpopular. This is no time for men . . . to keep silent, or for those who approve. We can deny our heritage and our history, but we cannot escape responsibility for the result. There is no way for a citizen of a republic to abdicate his responsibilities."-Edward R. Murrow (March 9, 1954)


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Take The Pledge

"I pledge that if any U.S. troops, contractors, or mercenaries remain in Afghanistan on Thursday, October 6, 2011, as that occupation goes into its 11th year, I will commit to being in Freedom Plaza in Washington, D.C., with others on that day or the days immediately following, for as long as I can, with the intention of making it our Tahrir Square, Cairo, our Madison, Wisconsin, where we will NONVIOLENTLY resist the corporate machine by occupying Freedom Plaza until our resources are invested in human needs and environmental protection instead of war and exploitation. We can do this together. We will be the beginning."
http://october2011.org/welcome


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Number Of Iraqis Slaughtered In US War And Occupation Of Iraq "1,455,590"

Number of U.S. Military Personnel Sacrificed (Officially acknowledged) In America's War On Iraq:  4,792 www.icasualties.org/oif/

Number Of  International Occupation Force Troops Slaughtered In Afghanistan : 2,705

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Cost of War in Iraq & Afghanistan
Total Cost of Wars Since 2001
$1,246,661,619,127

http://www.costofwar.com/

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"Let us be peace and joy"

Tom Feeley