Roberto Abraham Scaruffi

Wednesday, 2 December 2015

The European Union Times


Posted: 01 Dec 2015 08:21 AM PST

A truly sobering report issued by the Ministry of Defense (MoD) today appears to show that President Putin is preparing his military forces for World War III after he ordered Minister of Defense Sergey Shoigu and Head of Russian Aerospace Forces Victor Bondarev to being preparing Syria to become an “impenetrable zone of conflict” that would, in fact, become “Obama’s graveyard” and spell the ending of the NATO-Western alliance against the Federation.
According to this report, this grave war order was secured after President Putin and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu reached an agreement late yesterday providing that Israel will not interfere with Federation air or land forces operating in Syria even in the event of an all-out war with the Obama regime led NATO military alliance who are attempting to aid their Islamic State allies currently being obliterated by Russian airstrikes and Syrian Army ground attacks.
Necessitating the timing of this order, this report continues, was President Putin’s refusal yesterday to obey the Obama regime’s warning against the Federation arming its fighter aircraft operating in Syria with air-to-air missiles—which when this Pentagon demand was ignored, the US announced it would begin an immediate massive air power exercise involving F-16 fighter jets, E3 AWACS surveillance and command jets, KC-135 refueling tankers, RC-135 intelligence-gathering planes, and B-1 and B-52 bombers with them, also, refusing to disclose the total number of planes involved.
Equally as provocative against the Federation necessitating this war order, this report notes, was Germany, this morning, announcing it too was sending thousands of it military ground and air forces to battle in Syria, while at the same time stating that they would not share any intelligence with Russia they had against Islamic State terrorists, and would in no way cooperate with the current legitimate Syrian government currently in power.
With the Syrian government, like Lebanon, Iran and now Iraq, being the only Middle East nations to support the rights of woman and other religions within their borders, this report says, the joining of the Germans on this side of the Islamic State and their woman hating Saudi Arabian backers defies all logic, but becomes understandable when viewed in the context that the Obama regime led West really does want a global war.
And as if these provocations by the Obama regime against the Federation were not by themselves sufficient enough to cause the issuing of this war order, this report also notes, NATO’s announcement today that they were inviting the Balkan country of Montenegro to join their military alliance against Russia is cause enough alone for a massive war to begin.
To the Obama regime’s supposed war against Islamic State terrorists in Syria, this report explains, it is nothing more than a mirage as yesterday’s Operation Inherent Resolve (OIR) report proves in their detailing of their attacks on 29 November that states:
“In Syria, coalition military forces conducted three strikes using bomber and remotely piloted aircraft on Nov. 29. Near Dayr Az Zawr, one strike destroyed an ISIL excavator and three ISIL bulldozers and damaged an additional ISIL bulldozer. Near Al Hawl, two strikes struck an ISIL tactical unit and destroyed an ISIL checkpoint and an wounded an ISIL fighter.”
And while Obama regime forces have left these Islamic State terrorists short one excavator and 3 bulldozers, this report continues, Aerospace Forces, at the same time, have been systematically obliterating these barbarians source of wealth—and described by President Putin as a “living oil pipeline” stretching between Islamic State territory and Turkey with “vehicles, carrying oil, lined up in a chain going beyond the horizon” and “day and night they are going into Turkey where these trucks always go there loaded, and back from there – empty.”
As to why the Obama regime has not targeted the Islamic States illegal oil wealth, having only bombed them 260 times in nearly two years, this report says, is due to their support of Turkey’s Erdogan regime, and about whom new documents were released this week proving this criminal organization had so much illegal Islamic State oil flowing to them they had to actually buy tanker ships to handle it all.
And with Turkey’s President Erdogan saying today he would resign if it’s proved his criminal organization is buying illegal Islamic State oil, this report points out, he should actually step down now as the evidence for his doing so has not only been fully documented by Russia with satellite photos, but also by London’s Guardian News Service who in July wrote: “After a US attack on the compound of a Daesh (ISIL) leader in Syria in May, direct dealings between the terrorist organization and Turkey became undeniable.”, and The Institute for the Study of Human Rights at Columbia University who in their report wrote:
“Turkey Provides Military Equipment to ISIS (ISIL Daesh), Turkey Provided Transport and Logistical Assistance to ISIS Fighters, Turkey Provided Training to ISIS Fighters, Turkey Offers Medical Care to ISIS Fighters, Turkey Supports ISIS Financially Through Purchase of Oil, Turkish Forces Are Fighting Alongside ISIS.”
So by the Obama regime’s cover-up and complicity with Erdogan’s criminal cartel’s illegal association with Islamic State terrorists, this report gravely states, it becomes understandable why Russia’s NATO envoy, Aleksandr Grushko, warned earlier today: “By ‘covering’ Turkey politically, NATO took responsibility for downing of Russian Su-24 – envoy “NATO, which gave no principled assessment of this illegal act and, as a matter of fact, politically covered for Ankara as the member of the alliance, thus shares responsibility for the incident. Once again, we see that political considerations are getting the upper hand over objectivity and mere common sense.”
And to the effect of President Putin’s order to his top military commanders to turn Syria into “Obama’s graveyard”, this report continues, was the immediate deployment to this war zone of advanced Russian fighter aircraft, the movement of Federation Aerospace Forces aircraft and ground troops to al-Shayrat air base, near the central city of Homs, and, most crucially, the deployment throughout Syria of electromagnetic weapons designed to turn this war zone into a virtual “electronic ghost world”.
Also to be immediately “deployed/implemented” in this war zone too, this report gravely concludes, is what many call Russia’s “ultimate weapon”—otherwise known in the perception warfare community as “Reflexive Control” whose basic principles are:
Distraction—during preparatory stages of combat operations, creating a real or imaginary threat against one of the most vital enemy places such as flanks and rear, forcing him to reevaluate his decisions to operate on this or that axis.
Overload—often manifested by sending the enemy a large amount of conflicting information.
Paralysis—creating the belief of a specific threat to a vital interest or weak spot.
Exhaustion—cause the enemy to carry out useless operations, thereby entering combat with expended resources.
Deception—during preparatory stages of combat operations, force the enemy to reallocate forces to a threatened spot.
Divisive techniques—cause the enemy to believe he must operate in opposition to coalition interests.
Pacification—through a peaceful attitude and approach cause the enemy to lose vigilance.
Deterrence—create the impression of superiority.
Provocation—force enemy action advantageous to your side.
Suggestion—offer information that affects the enemy legally, morally, ideologically or in other areas.
Pressure—offer information that encourages society to discredit its own government.
And though not stated in this MoD report being referenced, the most astute reader of this report can be left with no other impression than Russia’s President Putin has, indeed, made the choice to confront NATO directly over the Syrian issue, will not back down.
And, as always, the West, especially President Obama, will grossly underestimate the Russian peoples and government willingness to sacrifice everything, if they must, to save the Christian world from what they believe are satanic barbarians.
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Posted: 01 Dec 2015 06:08 AM PST

Are Russia and Turkey on the verge of going to war?
In remarks that were almost entirely ignored by the western media, Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov accused the Turkish government of being “secret allies” with ISIS on Friday. And on Monday, the Russians announced that they would be attempting to seal the border between Syria and Turkey, and we also learned that the Russians have been rushing heavy artillery units into Syria. As tensions between Russia and Turkey continue to escalate, could we be in danger of seeing World War III erupt in the Middle East?
The Russians have clearly become convinced that Turkey is at the core of the problems in Syria, and that is why the Russians now plan to completely seal Syria’s border with Turkey. Lavrov seems to think that this will represent a giant step toward defeating terror groups such as ISIS…
“We are convinced that by blocking the border we will in many respects solve the tasks to eradicate terrorism on Syrian soil.”
And the Russians are right about this. ISIS militants use Turkey as a home base, and it has been documented that Turkey has been “training ISIS militants, funneling weapons to them, buying their oil, and tending to their wounded in Turkish hospitals”.
It was already common knowledge that Turkey was doing all of these things, but now the Russian government is publicly accusing the Turkish government of being “secret allies” with ISIS. When Lavrov chose to use these words on Friday, he knew exactly what he was saying…
“We think it highly cynical when some of the countries speak about their commitment to the corresponding United Nations Security Council resolutions and declare themselves members of anti-terrorist coalitions but in reality are playing a game where terrorists are allocated the role of secret allies,” Lavrov stressed. “We have more and more questions about Ankara’s real plans and the degree of its readiness to exterminate terrorism, in particular in Syria, and its commitment to the normalization of the situation in Syria.”
So why would Turkey want to be allies with ISIS?
Well, first of all the Turkish government hates the Assad regime in Syria and would love to see it eliminated.
Secondly, ISIS has been selling hundreds of millions of dollars worth of stolen oil in Turkey, and it has been alleged that the Turkish president’s own family is involved.
This was all supposed to be on the down low, but now the Russians are extremely angry and they are airing this dirty laundry for all the world to see. On Monday, Vladimir Putin said that his government had “received additional information” that ISIS is shipping oil to Turkey on an “industrial scale”…
Russia has received additional intelligence confirming that oil from deposits controlled by Islamic State is moved through Turkey on an industrial scale, said Vladimir Putin. President Recep Erdogan said he will resign if this is confirmed.
Moscow has grounds to suspect that the Su-24 was downed by Turkish jets on November 24 to secure illegal oil deliveries from Syria to Turkey, he said speaking on the sidelines of the climate change summit in Paris on Monday.
“At the moment we have received additional information confirming that that oil from the deposits controlled by Islamic State militants enters Turkish territory on industrial scale,” he said.
“We have every reason to believe that the decision to down our plane was guided by a desire to ensure security of this oil’s delivery routes to ports where they are shipped in tankers,” Putin said.
And of course it isn’t just the Russians that are making these claims.
Mowaffak al Rubaie is a former member of the Iraqi Governing Council, and he says that sales of ISIS oil in Turkey have amounted to approximately 100 million dollars a month…
“In the last eight months ISIS has managed to sell … $800 million dollars worth of oil on the black market of Turkey. This is Iraqi oil and Syrian oil, carried by trucks from Iraq, from Syria through the borders to Turkey and sold …[at] less than 50 percent of the international oil price,” Mowaffak al Rubaie said in an interview with RT.
“Now this either get consumed inside, the crude is refined on Turkish territory by the Turkish refineries, and sold in the Turkish market. Or it goes to Jihan and then in the pipelines from Jihan to the Mediterranean and sold to the international market.”
“Money and dollars generated by selling Iraqi and Syrian oil on the Turkish black market is like the oxygen supply to ISIS and it’s operation,” he added. “Once you cut the oxygen then ISIS will suffocate.”
You can’t sell 100 million dollars of stolen oil a month without the U.S. government knowing about it.
That means that Barack Obama has been fully aware of what has been going on, and he hasn’t told the American people the truth.
One of the reasons for his silence could be the fact that the president of Turkey’s own son has been involved. Just check out what Syrian Information Minister Omran al-Zoubi said just the other day…
“All of the oil was delivered to a company that belongs to the son of Recep [Tayyip] Erdogan. This is why Turkey became anxious when Russia began delivering airstrikes against the IS infrastructure and destroyed more than 500 trucks with oil already. This really got on Erdogan and his company’s nerves. They’re importing not only oil, but wheat and historic artefacts as well.”
For much more on all of this, please see my previous article entitled “The Biggest Obama Scandal? He Knows That Turkey Is Buying Oil From ISIS And He Is Doing Nothing To Stop It“.
Previously, the Russians had promised not to commit ground forces in Syria, but now that appears to be changing.
According to Debka, the Russians have already deployed three battalions of 2S19 Msta-S self-propelled howitzers at this point…
First, a body of three battalions of 2S19 Msta-S self-propelled howitzers was deployed at Khmeimin and has already started pounding rebel lines and command centers in the area. This heavy artillery system, capable of firing 152mm bombs at a rapid pace, is a veteran of Russia’s former campaigns against Islamic terrorist groups, especially in the Russian war against Islamic rebels in Chechnya in the 1990s.
In addition to the 2S19 Msta-S self-propelled howitzers, the Russians have also brought in TOS-1 220mm multiple rocket launchers…
Another heavy weapons system that Russia brought to Syria in recent days is the TOS-1 220mm multiple rocket launcher. This system, which is mounted on the chassis of a T-72 tank, has been deployed near the embattled Syrian cities of Hama and Homs.
With each passing day, we seem to be inching ever closer to the start of World War III.
And it is important to keep in mind that if war does break out, Turkey is a member of NATO, and so the U.S. would be obligated by treaty to help defend the Turks.
So let’s keep a close eye on what is happening in the Middle East, because it could end up having tremendous implications for all of us.
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Posted: 01 Dec 2015 06:02 AM PST

3 Turkish officers, involved in the inspection of an intelligence agency’s weapons-filled trucks, destined for Syrian terror groups, have been arrested on treason and espionage charges. Meanwhile journalists who broke the news face similar charges. A few days after the trucks were bombed, the Turks have claimed that the convoy was allegedly carrying only humanitarian aid for Syrians.
On Saturday, police detained Ankara Gendarmerie Regional Commander Major General Ibrahim Aydin, former Adana Gendarmerie Regional Commander Brigadier General Hamza Celepoglu and former Gendarmerie Criminal Laboratory Head Colonel Burhanettin Cihangiroglu. An Istanbul court ruled in favor of their arrest shortly after midnight, in the early hours of Monday morning, according to local media.
Security officials are facing “spying” charges over an incident in January 2014, when Gendarmerie intercepted trucks belonging to Turkey’s National Intelligence Organization (MIT).
An inspection of the trucks exposed large quantities of munitions being transported to Syria. After opening a metal container bearing a ‘FRAGILE’ mark, the inspectors found munitions hidden in crates under boxes of medicine.
The information caught public attention in May 2015, when the website of the Cumhuriyet media outlet posted footage of MIT trucks being inspected by security officers. The paper reported that altogether, in that particular run, MIT trucks had been carrying over 80,000 rounds of ammunition of different calibers, some 1,000 mortar shells and hundreds of munitions for grenade launchers.
The arrests of Gendarmerie officers comes shortly after a court in Istanbul demanded the arrest of two Cumhuriyet journalists for exposing contacts between Turkish intelligence and Syrian terror groups.
On Thursday a Turkish prosecutor requested the arrest of the editor-in-chief of Cumhuriyet newspaper, Can Dundar, and Cumhuriyet’s representative in Ankara, Erdem Gul, charging them with espionage and treason over a report published back in May that revealed that Turkish weapons were being transferred to Syria by Turkey’s intelligence agency. The journalists are now facing up to 45 years in prison.
Those who sent the convoy from Turkey knew that the weapons were “heading to end [up] in ISIS hands,” one of the Cumhuriyet journalists told RT.
Turkish officials made contradictory statements after the paper first blew the whistle, initially saying that the arms then denying the delivery altogether, and then saying the “aid was destined for the Turkmen.”
According to Damascus, Ankara has increased weapon, ammunition and equipment shipments to the terrorist groups operating in Syria in exchange for oil and antiquities looted by Islamic State terrorists.
“Turkey helps terrorists due to ideological reasons, thinking that these terrorist groups are successors to the Ottoman Empire,” said Syrian Foreign Minister Walid Muallem while visiting Moscow. “Turkey provides terrorists with weapons, logistical support, medical care and even shelter.”
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Posted: 01 Dec 2015 05:12 AM PST
ISIS militants parade through Sirte, Libya.
The Islamic State has increased its presence in the Mediterranean city of Sirte in Libya from 200 fighters at the start of the year to a force of 5,000 men, including administrators and financiers; the base is the first to be directly established by ISIS/ISIL outside Syria and Iraq, and brings the terrorists closer to Europe.
The militant group has apparently found a new base where it can “generate oil revenue and plan terror attacks,” according to a Wall Street Journal report, based on estimates provided by Libyan intelligence officials, residents and activists in the area.
The group has apparently expanded its staff and activities in the Mediterranean city of Sirte since February 2015, when it first announced its presence in the area.
It now has roughly 5,000 men there, including administrators and financiers. The new stronghold is directly across the Mediterranean Sea from Italy.
Sirte is a gateway to several major oil fields and refineries farther east along the same coast and the Islamic State has targeted those installations in the past year, the newspaper says.
“They have made their intentions clear,” it quotes Ismail Shoukry, the head of military intelligence for the region that includes Sirte, as saying. “They want to take their fight to Rome.”
The group has already announced their plans to recruit foreign fighters, and is calling them to travel to Libya instead of Syria. According to residents and activists from Sirte and Libyan military officials, recent weeks have already seen a flood of foreign recruits and their families.
“Sirte will be no less than Raqqa,” is a mantra often repeated by Islamic State leaders in the Libyan city during sermons and radio broadcasts, the newspaper quotes several residents and an activist from the city as saying. Raqqa is the group’s self-declared capital in Syria.
About 85% of Libya’s crude oil production in 2014 went to Europe, with Italy being the largest recipient. About half of the natural gas it produces is exported to Italy.
“The control of Islamic State over this region will lead to economic breakdowns,” the leader of the Libyan operation said, “especially for Italy and the rest of the European states.”
The extremist group has already called for recruits who have the technical know-how to put nearby oil facilities into operation.
The militants, as it turns, were able to successfully exploit deep existing divisions in Libya, which has two rival governments, which are entangled in a violent, nationwide power struggle.
Libya currently has two competing governments, two parliaments, two sets of rivaling claims to control over the central bank and the national oil company, no functioning national police or army.
The internationally recognized government has been forced to operate from Tobruk on the eastern border with Egypt and its rival self-styled government in Tripoli, which is run by Libya Dawn, a dominant group of Islamists forces.
​All the above apparently comes as a direct result of the US-orchestrated government change in the country four years ago.
Contrary to popular belief, Libya, which western media described as “Gaddafi’s military dictatorship” was in actual fact, Africa’s most prosperous democracy.
Prior to the US-led bombing campaign in 2011, Libya had the highest Human Development Index, the lowest infant mortality and the highest life expectancy in all of Africa.
October 20, marked the four-year anniversary of the US-backed assassination of Libya’s former leader, Muammar Gaddafi, and the decline into chaos of one of Africa’s greatest nations.
Today, Libya is an apparently failed state, with Egypt, Algeria and Tunisia having all closed their borders with the country.
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Posted: 01 Dec 2015 04:56 AM PST


France’s Marine Le Pen makes one of the best and most passionate speeches the EU has seen in years.
Dear colleagues, France suffered an absolutely horrendous ordeal on Friday 13 November. I think the first respect we have to pay to the victims is to name what has assassinated them. But neither from French leadership nor in all the speeches which I heard this morning have I heard the name of the assassin. The assassin is not the “terrorism”; terrorism is the weapon that is in the hand of the assassin. The murderer is the ideology in the name of which terrorism does the killing. It is Islamist Fundamentalism, and you must say it! Because if you don’t say it, if you are unable to name the enemy, then obviously you cannot fight it!
But perhaps some of you are embarrassed to name it, because naming it forces on to question certain international friendships. It forces on to ask oneself the question of whether one can continue to have Saudi Arabia as an ally, or Qatar. It forces one to ask oneself about the ambiguity of Turkey regarding Islamist fundamentalism. It obliges one to face up to it and say that, yes, the majority of international agreements, of international alliances we passed, push us in reality to be today, objectively, the allies of Islamist fundamentalism, rather than its enemies. So I propose that we change our alliances, and I suggest that all those who fight against Islamist fundamentalism must be considered as allies, without any reservations, including, of course, Muslim countries that fight against Islamist fundamentalism, such Egypt, the United Arab Emirates evidently Russia, Iran, and then, in the frame of this grand coalition we can expect to be effective against Islamist fundamentalism. But I have to say also that one of the reasons for the alienation of France is Europe’s imbecile politics, which today is an obstacle to the return of security for the French people.
First among these imbecile policies is the question of mass immigration, which is old and which is the terrain of communitarianism and the answer to the question you ask: “But why are there terrorists who are born on our European soil?” It’s because of this: it’s because mass immigration has brought about communitarianism, and that “communitarianism/sectarianism” is the terrain on which the Islamist fundamentalism recruits their future soldiers.
The EU announced that 3 million migrants will arrive in Europe next year. Of course we do not equate ALL migrants with terrorists. Of course not. However, what I denounced in September in this parliament, the infiltration by Jihadists in the middle of this wave of migrants, is a reality, and last Friday this reality killed. You can pretend not to see this, but this reality is here and one cannot ignore it. Continue to let this flood of migrants come in, uncontrolled, when you know very well that the EU and that the countries at the European borders are totally incapable of controlling anything whatsoever and even less the identity of those who arrive, and you forego the means to fight against this terrible danger. I tell you, we want to get back our national borders, we have no confidence in the European borders, which are a veritable sieve.
Today the French borders are again controlled, temporarily, and we will do everything in our power so that they remain controlled definitively. You talk about control of information, but what control?! The passports held by the terrorists are not fake passports, they are REAL passports, issued by the Islamic State (ISIS) in the administrative bureaus they have taken over in Syria. That too is a reality which has to be faced.
In the same manner, you imposed austerity on us. This austerity obliged us to disarm. It is because of this austerity imposed by the EU that we have fewer soldiers, fewer police, fewer gendarmes and fewer border guards.
We’ve had enough of your politics of austerity; we’ve had enough of YOU deciding the priorities of OUR budgets. We want to take back our budgetary sovereignty in order to decide that it is more useful for us today to give budgetary priority to the security of our territory. It is we who want to decide this.
Since 13 November the state of mind of the French people has changed. The European institutions must understand that for us nothing will ever be like it was before. The immigration folly, the hatred of borders, the obsession with austerity, the bad choices of international alliances, have become dangers clearly identified by the French people. An increasing minority shares our views on these subjects.
There’s no doubt that the views are becoming predominantly lucid. We will be relentless in denouncing these dangers in order to defend the security of the French people against actions by European institutions, which I consider criminal.
        
Posted: 01 Dec 2015 03:52 AM PST

Security in Paris is tight, with 120,000 police and army personnel patrolling the city as 150 world leaders, including US President Barack Obama, China’s Xi Jinping and Russia’s Vladimir Putin arrive for a global climate change summit.
Paris is hosting the 21st Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP21) two weeks after Islamic State gunmen and suicide bombers killed 130 people on November 13 in the French capital.
Apart from urgent measures on climate change, efforts to fight terrorism are also expected to be discussed by world leaders during one-on-one meetings in the French capital.
US president Barack Obama and Vladimir Putin will most probably pull up chairs on the sidelines of the global climate change summit, Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov told journalists on Monday.
The Russian president will not meet his Turkish counterpart Recep Tayyip Erdogan in Paris, Peskov confirmed however.
“There will be no meeting with Erdogan [in Paris],” he said. There are no contacts with the Turkish leader planned for the near future either. Last Monday a Turkish fighter jet shot down a Russian Su-24 bomber in a rebel-held area in Syria, not far from the Turkish border. The 45-year-old pilot, Lieutenant-Colonel Oleg Peshkov, was shot dead by Turkmen militia while parachuting to the ground.
On the eve of a global climate summit in Paris, activists across the globe marched in support of new environmental initiatives, calling for meaningful discussions and decisive actions from world leaders at the “last chance” conference. More than 2,000 such events were held across the world, including London and Sao Paulo.
Over 5,000 people flocked to City Hall in New York to take part in an environmental gathering.
In Paris, where demonstrations were banned by the authorities after the November 13 attacks, activists laid out some 20,000 shoes in the Place de la Republique to symbolize absent marchers on the eve of the climate change summit.
Riot police used tear gas to disperse about 200 protesters, some of them masked, who responded by hurling rocks and even candles.
The biggest challenge for the participants of the UN conference in Le Bourget will be reaching the first universal climate pact, agreed by and applicable to all countries.
Since 1992, the so-called Conference of the Parties has taken place every year, with top brass negotiators trying to come up with effective action plans to tackle climate change.
The problem is how to get as many as 195 countries to agree over practical ways to deal with climate change, taking into account the needs and capabilities of each nation.
In 2011, negotiators agreed that a deal had to be struck by the end of the 2015 deadline.
Climate change refers to the increase in the average temperature of the oceans and the Earth’s atmosphere. It’s attributed to human activities, which directly or indirectly alter the composition of the Earth’s atmosphere beyond the natural variability of the climate observed over comparable periods.
The primary objective is to limit average global warming to no more than two degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit), over pre-Industrial Revolution levels, by curbing fossil fuel emissions.
According to the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change), global warming of more than 2°C would have serious consequences. To reach this target, climate experts estimate that global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions need to be reduced 40-70 percent by 2050, and that carbon neutrality (zero emissions) needs to be reached by the end of the century at the latest. In Copenhagen in 2009 and Cancún in 2010, developed countries committed to jointly raising $100 billion per year by 2020 to help developing countries cope with ongoing climate change.
Adopted in 1997 and in force since 2005, the Kyoto Protocol set binding greenhouse gas emissions targets for developed countries for the period 2008-2012. The protocol, the only legally binding international instrument, was renewed until 2020.
Currently, there are 192 Parties (191 States and 1 regional economic integration organization) to the Kyoto Protocol. The US, one of the world’s biggest greenhouse gas emitters, signed the protocol, but didn’t ratify it.
“Kyoto would have wrecked our economy. I couldn’t in good faith have signed Kyoto,” ex-US President George W. Bush told Danish TV in 2005, AP reported.
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Posted by Roberto Abraham Scaruffi at 13:22