Roberto Abraham Scaruffi: NORWAYChristian-Masonic Terrorism!All terrorism always is State/government terrorism by its military Secret Police corps. Terrorisms, as well as mafias, are always created, managed and liquidated/replaced from Secret Police corps The British government, with the help of the Norwegian government, wanted to strike the EU from the north just the financial destabilization revealed insufficient? The UK-USA needed to relaunch the islamophobic hysteria? Both? The Norwegian Police refused to cooperate with the anti-Semitic criminal State deception which tried to claim some foreign origin of the attackEither Jens Stoltenberg ordered the attack, with NATO cover, or he is an inept puppet

Saturday, 23 July 2011

NORWAY
Christian-Masonic Terrorism!
All terrorism always is State/government terrorism by its military Secret Police corps. Terrorisms, as well as mafias, are always created, managed and liquidated/replaced from Secret Police corps

The British government, with the help of the Norwegian government, wanted to strike the EU from the north just the financial destabilization revealed insufficient? The UK-USA needed to relaunch the islamophobic hysteria? Both?
The Norwegian Police refused to cooperate with the anti-Semitic criminal State deception which tried to claim some foreign origin of the attack
Either Jens Stoltenberg ordered the attack, with NATO cover, or he is an inept puppet




La double attaque en Norvège a fait près de 90 morts, un suspect arrêté

Les rues d'Oslo et le suspect Anders Behring Breivik   

Un norvégien a été arrêté, il est soupçonné par la police d'être impliqué dans les deux attaques. Il serait proche des milieux d'extrême droite selon la presse.

"Nous sommes tous norvégiens"

Un homme aide une femme blessée à sortir d'un bâtiment touché par l'explosion, dans le centre d'Oslo, le 22 juillet 2011   

La double attaque qui a frappé vendredi la Norvège provoque l'indignation de la communauté internationale. Les réactions.

Suivre nouvelobs.com sur facebook 

VIDEO. Les premières images de l'explosion à Oslo

Un immeuble touché par l'explosion à Oslo, le 22 juillet 2011   

Les amateurs ont diffusé de nombreuses vidéos dès les premières minutes après l'explosion.

Affaire Banon : Filippetti dénonce des "fuites organisées"

22 07 11 Aurélie Filippetti   

La députée PS a été entendue vendredi matin dans le cadre de l'enquête préliminaire.

Syrie : les fantômes de Hama

Des manifestants déchirent les portraits de Hafez al-Assad et de son fils Bachar à Hama   

En 1982, Hafez al-Assad avait rasé en partie la ville et massacré ses habitants pour écraser une insurrection islamiste. Vingt-neuf ans plus tard, son fils Bachar hésite à lancer ses blindés sur la cité martyre devenue l'épicentre de la révolte.

Tour de France : Voeckler perd le maillot jaune, Rolland gagne l'étape

Pierre Rolland, 24 ans, remporte la 19ème étape du Tour de France 2011 à l'Alpes-d'Huez.   

Pierre Rolland s'impose à l'Alpe d'Huez. Andy Schleck prend la tête du classement général.

FLASH-BACK. 3615, le Minitel c'est fini

Retour en images sur l'histoire du Minitel, dont la disparition est décidée pour 2012. En partenariat avec l'Ina.

Malaise à l'ONF : "Je travaille pour la forêt de demain, pas pour le commerce"

22 07 11 Agent de l'ONF   

Le 4ème suicide en un mois ne fait que renforcer le ras-le-bol des agents qui dénoncent l'orientation commerciale de leur profession. Par Céline Rastello

L'agence de notation Fitch veut placer la Grèce en défaut partiel

22 07 11 Note de la Grèce   

Sans surprise, la contribution des créanciers privés au plan de sauvetage de la zone euro pousse l'agence à revoir la note de la Grèce.

Le sauvetage de la Grèce va augmenter l'endettement de la France

François Fillon   

François Fillon évalue l'engagement français à 15 milliards d'ici 2014.

Les problèmes de la zone euro sont-ils réglés ?

21 07 11 Nicolas Sarkozy et Angela Merkel   

La réponse de l'économiste Nicolas Bouzou.

Scandale des écoutes : James Murdoch est accusé d'avoir menti

James Murdoch à Londres le 13 juillet 2011   

Deux anciens du "News of the world" affirment qu'il savait bien que les écoutes étaient une pratique répandue dans le groupe.

Statistiques ethniques : "Nous risquons la fracture sociale"

La France" Black Blanc Beur"   

Alors que des élus veulent relancer le débat, le risque de scission communautaire est pointé du doigt. Interview de Catherine de Wenden, docteur en science politique, par Assma Maad

Dommage, Martine Aubry n'est plus "ringarde"

Martine Aubry et Jean-Louis Brochen   

OPINION. La Une de Paris Match cette semaine ruine tous ses efforts de discrétion. Par Paul Tian, chroniqueur du Plus.

David Douillet maintient sa plainte contre Eva Joly

Lucian Freud, le peintre le plus cher du monde

"Self-Portrait with a Black Eye" de Lucian Freud, tenu en 2010 par une employée de Sotheby, et vendu 3,2 millions d'euros   

De son vivant déjà, le peintre aux célèbres nus battait des records sur le marché de l'art. Par Bernard Géniès

Lady Gaga, star déjantée et marketeuse aiguisée

lady gaga   

Reine du "melting pop", Lady Gaga, 25 ans, remixe l'époque plus vite que son ombre. "Le Nouvel Obs" l'a suivie sur l'étape parisienne de sa tournée promo mondiale. Par Marjolaine Jarry

Inceste : comment faire parler les enfants ?

15 000 nouveaux cas de violences sexuelles sur mineur sont constatés chaque année.    

Les adultes, et tout particulièrement le corps médical, jouent un rôle clé. Par Agathe Lemoine, psychologue spécialisée en victimologie.

Californie : suspense autour de la "maison du malheur"

a   

Mystère irrésolu autour de deux morts qui ont eu lieu dans la demeure d'un riche entrepreneur.

Air France : discussions "ouvertes" entre la direction et les syndicats

22 07 11 Air France   

Les négociations se poursuivent et la grève peut encore être évitée.

2012. Hollande et Aubry devanceraient Sarkozy au second tour

Les candidats déclarés - François Hollande   

En revanche, si Ségolène Royal était candidate, elle ne passerait pas le premier tour selon un sondage Ifop-France Soir.

Somalie : des Shebab s'opposent aux humanitaires

Des insurgés islamistes shebab, affiliés à Al-Qaïda,dans un villlage situé à 25 km de Mogadiscio, le 17 février 2011   

Ces insurgés islamistes, qui s'opposent notamment à l'aide du Programme alimentaire mondial, nie l'état de famine décrété par l'ONU. Les conséquences pourraient être désastreuses.

Liliane Bettencourt devra rendre au moins 30 millions d'euros au fisc

Liliane Bettencourt, à un défilé de mode le 26 janvier 2011 à Paris   

Compte bancaire en Suisse, île aux Seychelles... la milliardaire est sous le coup d'un redressement fiscal.

Apple, inspiration de toutes les contrefaçons

Un faux magasin Apple Store dans la ville de Kunming (sud de la Chine)   

Après les copies d'iPhone et d'iPad, voici qu'arrivent les faux Steve Jobs chinois et les copies des magasins Apple Store.

Arnold Schwarzenegger : son fils "victime d'un accident"

Christopher Schwarzenegger   

Selon TMZ, Christopher, fils de Schwarzy et de Maria Shriver, serait sérieusement blessé. Par Jean-Frédéric Tronche

Laïcité : cinq décisions du Conseil d'Etat créent la polémique

La Basilique Notre-Dame de Fourvière à Lyon, objet d'une des cinq décisions du Conseil d'Etat.   

Application de la loi de 1905 sur la séparation des Eglises et de l'Etat pour certains, contournement pour d'autres : le Conseil d'Etat a pris position.

Un an après, rien n'a changé pour les Roms de France

Roms Nantes   

Le collectif Romeurope estime que les conditions de vie des personnes se sont dégradées. 

Welcome to the Twilight Zone

Welcome to the Twilight Zone   

Pour apercevoir quelques minutes du nouveau film Twilight, les fans de la saga vampiro-romantique se sont retrouvées en masse au Comic-Con de San Diego. Reportage, Cécile Delarue.

"Captain America" : un héros super

"Captain America : First Avenger"   

Avec "Captain America : First Avenger", le plus patriote des super-héros se paie un lifting. Par Olivier Bonnard, à Los Angeles.

L'arnaque Justin Bieber

Justin Bieber, lors d'un concert aux Philippines, en mai 2011   

Le chanteur canadien est devenu le meilleur appât des pirates pour des arnaques sur internet, tout particulièrement sur les réseaux sociaux.

Mesurer le plaisir : la nouvelle chimère de la sexologie ?

Peut-on vraiment mesurer le plaisir sexuel ?   

Le résultat d'une étude présentée lors d'une conférence scientifique sur le Sida soulève une délicate question : peut-on quantifier le plaisir sexuel ? Et surtout, à quoi ça sert ? Par Gaëlle-Marie Zimmermann, chroniqueuse du Plus.

L'UMP fustige la liste dissidente de Pierre Charon

22 07 11 Pierre Charon   

L'ex-conseiller de Nicolas Sarkozy présente une liste "autonome" aux sénatoriales de Paris. Il est menacé d'exclusion.

DSK. Un cadre d'Accor sur la sellette après un mail embarrassant

L'hôtel Sofitel de New York, le 16 mai 2011   

"Au Sofitel NY, nous avons réussi à 'faire tomber' DSK", avait écrit l'homme.

Belgique. Vers une sortie de crise?

22 07 11 Belgique   

Huit partis se sont dits prêts a négocier pour former un gouvernement et tenter de mettre un terme à la crise institutionnelle qui menace l'unité du pays.

Dette US : la Maison Blanche n'a "pas de progrès à annoncer"

Barack Obama lors d'une conférence de presse sur la dette américaine, le 19 juillet 2011 à la Maison Blanche   

La presse avait fait état d'un accord sur le point d'aboutir entre Barack Obama et le camp républicain.

Libye : où sont passées les armes françaises ?

Des rebelles libyens en route pour Brega, le 19 juillet 2011 à un check-point d'Ajdabiya   

Selon le New York Times, les armes que la France dit avoir parachutées début juin aux rebelles libyens du djebel Nefoussa n'apparaîtraient nulle part sur le champ de bataille. Par Vincent Jauvert

Comment les hackers de Lulz Security ont piraté le site du "Sun" ?

Lulz Security   

D'une simple faille de sécurité, les pirates se sont introduits dans le réseau d'un groupe de presse, récupérant l'ensemble des e-mails et publiant de fausses informations. Explications.

PHOTOS. Les maisons des stars

Mexique : la face cachée de la "guerre contre les drogues"

Fosse commune à Durango, Mexique   

Les découvertes de charniers clandestins se multiplient. La presse les a baptisés "narcofosses". Une réalité sordide faite de victimes innocentes et de tueurs impunis. Par Léonor Lumineau

PHOTOS-VIDEOS. Jade Foret, nouveau phénomène du web

Jade Foret   

La jeune femme et Arnaud Lagardère ont suscité rires et incrédulité après la diffusion d'une interview-confession sur leur amour. Le web s'excite. La preuve, on en parle. Par Jean-Frédéric Tronche
VIDEOS
Blogs
Par Odile Quirot 
Par Odile Quirot
Par Vincent Jauvert 
Par Vincent Jauvert
Par Dominique Thiébaut 
Par Dominique Thiébaut
Par Jean Daniel 
Par Jean Daniel



Newsletter | 23.07.2011, 07:15 UTC
Nachrichten
Die neuesten Meldungen zum Weltgeschehen: kompakt, sachlich, international
Themen-Übersicht
 
Video
^^^
  Nachrichten
Aktuelle Meldungen
Zahl der Terroropfer in Norwegen steigt auf fast 90 
Bei den beiden Terroranschlägen in Norwegen sind nach neuen Angaben der Polizei fast 90 Menschen getötet worden. Allein in dem Jugendcamp der regierenden Sozialdemokraten auf der Seeinsel Utoya bei Oslo seien mindestens 80 Menschen erschossen worden, teilte Polizeichef Oystein Maeland auf einer Pressekonferenz mit. Der Terrorangriff habe eine katastrophische Dimension angenommen, erklärte Maeland. Die Polizei nahm auf Utoya den mutmaßlichen Schützen fest, einen 32-jährigen Norweger, der nach Medienberichten zur rechtsradikalen Szene gehört. Wenige Stunden vor dem Massaker auf der Insel waren bei der Explosion einer Bombe im Regierungsviertel in Oslo mindestens sieben Menschen getötet worden. Die Bombe ging in der Nähe des Büros von Ministerpräsident Jens Stoltenberg hoch. Der sozialdemokratische Politiker kam nicht zu Schaden. Die Ermittler gehen nach Informationen norwegischer Medien davon aus, dass der festgenommene 32-Jährige auch für den Anschlag in Olso verantwortlich ist. Unklar sei noch, ob er alleine gehandelt habe. Hinweise auf Verbindungen zum internationalen Terrorismus gebe es nicht.
^^^
US-Republikaner brechen Schuldengespräche mit Regierung ab 
In Washington gibt es einen weiteren Rückschlag im Ringen um eine Anhebung des US-Schuldenlimits. Die Republikaner zogen sich aus den Verhandlungen mit dem Weißen Haus zurück. Präsident Barack Obama zeigte sich vor der Presse enttäuscht. Es sei schwer zu verstehen, weshalb der republikanische Präsident der Repräsentantenhauses, John Boehner, die Gespräche verlassen habe, sagte Obama. Das jüngste Angebot der Regierung in den wochenlangen Verhandlungen nannte Obama "außerordentlich fair". Der US-Präsident kündigte  zudem an, er habe für diesen Samstag führende Kongresspolitiker beider Parteien zu sich bestellt, um das weitere Vorgehen zu beraten. Er wies darauf hin, dass die US-Bürger endlich Resultate sehen wollten. Boehner machte deutlich, dass nach wie vor der Streit über Steuererhöhungen für Reiche eine Einigung erschwere.  - Die Zeit für eine Lösung läuft inzwischen weiter davon. Falls es bis zum Stichtag 2. August keine Einigung auf eine Erhöhung der Schuldenobergrenze von 14,3 Billionen Dollar geben sollte, droht der größten Volkswirtschaft der  Welt die Zahlungsunfähigkeit.
^^^
Massenproteste in mehreren Städten in Syrien nach Freitagsgebeten 
Mehr als vier Monate nach Beginn des Aufstands gegen Präsident Baschar el Assad sind in Syrien erneut hunderttausende Regierungsgegner auf die Straßen gegangen. Nach dem Freitagsgebet gab es in mehreren Städten große Kundgebungen, allein in Deir Essor und Hama kamen laut Menschenrechtsaktivisten mehr als eine Million Menschen zusammen. Insgesamt acht Zivilisten wurden nach diesen Angaben in Homs, Aleppo und in anderen Städten getötet. - Seit Beginn der Proteste Mitte März wurden den Menschenrechtsorganisationen zufolge bei dem gewaltsamen Vorgehen der Sicherheitskräfte landesweit mehr als 1400 Zivilisten getötet. Tausende Syrer wurden festgenommen. 
^^^
Serbien überstellt mutmaßlichen Kriegsverbrecher Hadzic 
Der von Serbien an das UN-Tribunal für das ehemalige Jugoslawien ausgelieferte mutmaßliche Kriegsverbrecher Goran Hadzic wird am Montag erstmals dem Gericht in Den Haag vorgeführt. Dem ehemaligen Anführer der serbischen Minderheit in Kroatien werden Kriegsverbrechen und Verbrechen gegen die Menschlichkeit vorgeworfen. Hadzic soll für den Tod hunderter kroatischer Zivilisten und der Verschleppung Tausender im Kroatien-Krieg Anfang der 1990er Jahre verantwortlich sein. Der 52-Jährige war nach sieben Jahren auf der Flucht am Mittwoch in Serbien festgenommen und am Freitag an das UN-Tribunal überstellt worden.
^^^
Übergabe der Sicherheitsverantwortung in Masar-i-Scharif    
Am Bundeswehrstandort Masar-i-Scharif im Norden Afghanistans übergibt die Internationale Schutztruppe ISAF an diesem Samstag die Verantwortung für die Sicherheit an die afghanische Polizei und Armee. Die Provinzhauptstadt ist eines von sieben Gebieten, in denen in diesen Tagen Kräfte der afghanischen Regierung die Sicherheitsverantwortung von der NATO übernehmen. Dieser Prozess soll im gesamten Land bis 2014 abgeschlossen sein. Bis dahin will die NATO den Kampfeinsatz in Afghanistan beendet und die meisten der rund 140.000 Soldaten abgezogen haben. - Bundesaußenminister Guido Westerwelle betonte am Freitag bei einem Besuch Masar-i-Scharifs, Deutschland werde Afghanistan auch nach 2014 unterstützen. Die Bundeswehr unterhält in Masar-i-Scharif ihr größtes Feldlager in Afghanistan.
^^^
Bundesbank-Präsident kritisiert Euro -Gipfel 
Bundesbank-Präsident Jens Weidmann hat die Beschlüsse des Euro-Gipfels zu Griechenland vom Donnerstag scharf kritisiert. In einer in Frankfurt verbreiteten Stellungnahme räumte Weidmann zwar ein, dass die in Brüssel beschlossene neue Griechenland-Hilfe zunächst für Ruhe an den Finanzmärkten sorgen dürfte. Zugleich seien umfangreiche zusätzliche Risiken auf die Hilfe leistenden Länder und deren Steuerzahler verlagert worden. Damit habe der Euro-Raum einen großen Schritt hin zu einer Vergemeinschaftung von Risiken im Falle unsolider Staatsfinanzen und gesamtwirtschaftlicher Fehlentwicklungen gemacht, erklärte Weidmann, der bis vor wenigen Wochen einer der engsten Berater von Bundeskanzlerin Angela Merkel war. Die deutsche Regierungschefin verteidigte das in Brüssel beschlossene zweite milliardenschwere Hilfspaket für Athen. Es bestehe die historische Aufgabe, den Euro zu schützen, sagte Merkel in Berlin.
^^^
Bundeskanzlerin lobt Arbeit der Koalition 
Bundeskanzlerin Angela Merkel hat eine positive Halbzeitbilanz der Arbeit der schwarz-gelben Koalition gezogen. Deutschland gehe es so gut wie lange nicht mehr, sagte Merkel vor Journalisten in Berlin. Die CDU-Chefin verwies dabei auf das Wirtschaftswachstum und den Rückgang der Zahl der Arbeitslosen auf unter drei Millionen. Fortschritte gebe es auch bei der Konsolidierung des Haushalts. Dadurch ergäben sich Spielräume für maßvolle Steuerentlastungen zum 1. Januar 2013, erklärte die Kanzlerin. Die Zusammenarbeit zwischen den Unionsparteien und der FDP in der Koalition  bezeichnete Merkel als gut. Für die Bundestagswahl 2013 ließ sie die Absicht einer erneuten Kanzlerkandidatur erkennen.
^^^
Wulff ruft zu Spenden für Hungernde auf 
Bundespräsident Christian Wulff hat die Bürger in Deutschland aufgerufen, für die hungernden Menschen in Ostafrika zu spenden. Alle seien aufgerufen, das Leiden  am Horn von Afrika zu lindern, erklärte Wulff in Berlin. - In ganz Ostafrika sind nach Angaben von Hilfsorganisationen mehr als elf Millionen Menschen von Hunger bedroht. Zehntausende seien bereits gestorben, hieß es. - Besonders betroffen ist Somalia, wo rund 3,7 Millionen Menschen dringend Hilfe benötigen. Die in Teilen des Landes herrschenden radikal-islamistischen Shaabab-Milizen erklärten jedoch, sie würden ausländischen Helfern keinen Zugang gewähren. - Neben Somalia sind auch Äthiopien, Kenia und der Sudan von der schwersten Dürre in der Region seit 60 Jahren betroffen.
^^^
Lettland stimmt über Auflösung des Parlaments ab 
Die Letten stimmen an diesem Samstag über die Auflösung des Parlaments ab. Es wird erwartet, dass sich eine große Mehrheit in dem Referendum für die Auflösung der erst im vergangenen Oktober gewählten Kammer entscheidet. Dies hätte die Ansetzung vorgezogener Neuwahlen im September zur Folge. Präsident Valdis Zatlers hatte das Referendum in einer seiner letzten Amtshandlungen Ende Mai angesetzt. Grund war die Weigerung der Abgeordneten, die Immunität eines wohlhabenden Oppositionsabgeordneten aufzuheben, gegen den wegen Korruption ermittelt wird. Zatlers, der Anfang Juni die Präsidentschaft an Andris Berzins verlor, begründete die Entscheidung mit der Notwendigkeit des Kampfs gegen "Oligarchen".
^^^
Dalai Lama kritisiert im "Rolling Stone" China 
Der Dalai Lama hat seine "Dämonisierung" durch die chinesische Führung als "kindisch" bezeichnet. Das geistliche Oberhaupt der Tibeter sagte in einem Interview mit dem US-Magazin "Rolling Stone", die Regierung in Peking "blamiere" sich, wenn sie ihn "schlecht zu machen" versuche. Peking wirft dem im indischen Exil lebenden Dalai Lama vor, die Abspaltung Tibets von China zu betreiben. Zugleich drückte er die Hoffnung aus, dass sich die Haltung Chinas verändern werde und wies darauf hin, dass die chinesischen Intellektuellen und Künstler immer mehr den Wandel wollten. Daher sei China dazu gezwungen, sich in den kommenden fünfzig Jahren zu  wandeln, sagte der Dalai Lama voraus.
^^^
US-Forscher entdecken fernstes Wasserreservoir des Weltalls 
US-Forscher haben das bislang größte und fernste Wasserreservoir des Weltalls entdeckt. Die Menge umfasse das 140-billionenfache allen Meerwassers der Erde, teilte die US-Weltraumbehörde NASA  mit. In Dampfform umringe das Wasser einen sogenannten Quasar - ein Schwarzes Loch, dass Materie um sich herum einsauge. Die Wissenschaftler wurden in einer unvorstellbaren Entfernung von zwölf Milliarden Lichtjahren fündig. - Dies sei ein neuer Beweis, dass Wasser überall im Weltall vorhanden sei, sogar schon zu einer sehr frühen Zeit, sagte der Wissenschaftler Matt Bradford. - Die NASA teilte zudem mit, sie habe einen Krater auf dem Mars ausgesucht, in den sie kommendes Jahr ihr Fahrzeug "Curiosity" schicken wolle, um dort nach Spuren von Leben zu suchen.
^^^
Silbermedaille für Angela Maurer bei Schwimm-WM 
ZUM SPORT: Die deutsche Langstreckenschwimmerin Angela Maurer hat bei der Schwimm-WM im chinesischen Shanghai im abschließenden Marathon über 25 Kilometer die Silbermedaille gewonnen. Sie schlug bei Wassertemparaturen von rund 30 Grad nur 2,1 Sekunden hinter der brasilianischen Siegerin Ana Marcela Cunha an. Bronze gewann die Italienerin Alice Franco.
^^^
Das Wetter in Deutschland: Wenig sommerlich 
DAS WETTER IN DEUTSCHLAND: Im Nordwesten länger anhaltender Regen. Sonst Wechsel aus Aufheiterungen und dichteren Wolken, gebietsweise Schauer. Tagestemperaturen 13 bis 20 Grad Celsius.
Die weiteren Aussichten: Auch am Sonntag vor allem im Norden und Westen Regen. In den übrigen Landesteilen bei wechselnder bis starker Bewölkung Schauer. Nur nach Osten und Südosten zeigt sich auch einmal die Sonne. Temperaturen 14 bis 20 Grad.
^^^



TOP NEWS

At Least 80 Dead in Norway Shooting

By ELISA MALA and J. DAVID GOODMAN
A gunman stalked youths at an island summer camp for young members of the governing party after explosions in Oslo hit government buildings. The police seized a man officials described as a right-wing extremist in connection with both attacks.

Debt Ceiling Talks Collapse as Boehner Walks Out

By JACKIE CALMES and CARL HULSE
The epic clash between the White House and Congressional Republicans came just a week before the government hits its borrowing ceiling, and set off sharp accusations from both sides.

In Greek Pact, Compromises and Intrigues

By NICHOLAS KULISH and STEVEN ERLANGER
The latest bailout in the Greek saga has the elements of familiar European intrigue: private meetings of the powerful, cries of protest and then a deal as markets veer toward panic.
QUOTATION OF THE DAY
"The beach has been contaminated for years. How much worse could it get?"
LOU-ANN CAPASSO of Staten Island, on New York's City's warning about sewage-tainted water.


EDUCATION

VIDEO: Every Day at the Museum

The American Museum of Natural History now offers its own biology degree. Gilder Graduate School PhD students analyze the millions of preserved animals in the museum's 150-year-old collection.
OPINION
OP-ED CONTRIBUTORS

From Budget Cuts to Dirty Bombs

Recent budget cuts make us more vulnerable to nuclear terrorism.
WORLD

Suspicions About Former Editor in Battle Over Story Complicate Hacking Scandal

By DON VAN NATTA Jr.
William Lewis, a former editor of The Daily Telegraph, has become a central figure in a battle over an exclusive story the newspaper says was stolen from it last year.

Pressure on Murdochs Mounts in Hacking Scandal

By GRAHAM BOWLEY and JO BECKER
Prime Minister David Cameron of Britain said that James Murdoch still had "questions to answer" about the phone hacking scandal swirling around News International.

Protests' Size Shows Gain in Momentum Across Syria

By NADA BAKRI
Friday's demonstrations, under the slogan of unity, came a week after a wave of sectarian bloodshed in Homs, Syria's third-largest city, claimed the  lives of at least two dozen people.
U.S.

In 3 Countries, Challenging the Vatican on Female Priests

By LAURIE GOODSTEIN
Incidents on three continents raise anew the issue of the ordination of women and married men.

New Path for Small-Town Doctors Starts in a Kansas Small Town

By A. G. SULZBERGER
As Kansas struggles with a shortage of doctors in rural areas, a new medical  school opened in Salina, with eight students who have promised to start their practices in small towns.

Legal Marijuana in Arizona? Yes for Buyers, No for Sellers

By MARC LACEY
The state legalized marijuana for medical use, but delayed issuing licenses to dispensaries. That has led to unofficial cannabis clubs, a legal gray area.
BUSINESS

Players in a Greek Drama

By JULIE CRESWELL
The power of Fitch, Standard & Poor's or Moody's Investors Service to cut a government's debt rating has given the agencies a pivotal role in the worldwide financial drama.
NEWS ANALYSIS

Central Bank May Be Winner in Europe's Debt Talks

By JACK EWING
Jean-Claude Trichet, the central bank president, appeared to have won on getting governments to reclaim the task of preventing collapse of the Greek economy.

Revamped Humvee Draws Military's Eye

By CHRISTOPHER DREW
Tests show that Humvees with a new chimney could provide as much protection as some of the heavier, and more costly, mine-resistant vehicles.
SPORTS
METS 7, MARLINS 6

Wright Returns and All Seems Well, for Now

By DAVID WALDSTEIN
The past few seasons have not been easy ones for David Wright, who was back with the Mets on Friday after a long stint on the disabled list.
YANKEES 17, ATHLETICS 7

Heat, Humidity and Concern for Hughes, but the Yankees' Offense Rolls

By MARK VIERA
The Yankees' 17-7 victory over Oakland on Friday will probably be best remembered for the oven-like setting, and all that came with it.

After 19 Stages, Tour Comes Down to Dash in Individual Time Trial

By GREG BISHOP
On the brutal climb to Alpe d'Huez, Andy Schleck of Luxembourg battled his way into the Tour de France lead, despite Alberto Contador's desperate attempt to challenge him.
ARTS
AN APPRAISAL

Painter and Provocateur, Set in His Ways

By MICHAEL KIMMELMAN
Lucian Freud always understood the uses of mystery, for aiding his reputation and saving it.

Celebrating Forefather of Graffiti

By RANDY KENNEDY
An early graffiti artist, TAKI 183, came to prominence through an article in The New York Times in 1971. That artist is still around.
A WORD WITH: DANNY AIELLO

Emotional Guy, Speaking for Others

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Somalia: the Real Causes of Famine
Global Research, July 21, 2011

For the last twenty years, Somalia has been entangled in a "civil war" amidst the destruction of both its rural and urban economies.
The country is now facing widespread famine.  According to reports, tens of thousands of people have died from malnutrition in the last few months. The lives of  several million people are threatened.
The mainstream media casually attributes the famine to a severe drought without examining the broader causes.
An atmosphere of  "lawlessness, gang warfare and anarchy" is also upheld as one of the major causes behind the famine.
But who is behind the lawlessness and armed gangs? 
Somalia is categorized as a "failed state", a country without a government. 
But how did it become a "failed state"? There is ample evidence of foreign intervention as well as covert support of armed militia groups. Triggering "failed states" is an integral part of US foreign policy. It is part of a military-intelligence agenda.
According to the UN, a situation of famine prevails in southern Bakool and Lower Shabelle, areas in part controlled by Al Shahab, a jihadist militia group affiliated to Al Qaeda.
Both the UN and the Obama administration had accused Al Shahab of imposing "a ban on foreign aid agencies in its territories in 2009". What the reports do not mention, however, is that Harakat al-Shabaab al-Mujahideen (HSM) ("Movement of Striving Youth") is funded by Saudi Arabia and supported covertly by Western intelligence agencies.
The backing of Islamic militia by Western intelligence agencies is part of a broader historical pattern of covert support to Al Qaeda affiliated and jihadist organizations in a number of countries, including, more recently, Libya and Syria.
The broader question is: What outside forces triggered the destruction of the Somali State in the early 1990s?
Somalia remained self-sufficient in food until the late 1970s despite recurrent droughts. As of the early 1980s, its national economy was destabilized and food agriculture was destroyed.
The process of economic dislocation preceded the onset of the civil war in 1991. Economic and social chaos resulting from IMF "economic medicine" was a "precondition" for the launching of a US sponsored "civil war".  
An entire country with a rich history of commerce and economic development, was transformed into a territory.
In a bitter irony, this open territory encompasses significant oil wealth. Four US oil giants had already positioned themselves prior to the onset of the Somali civil war in 1991:
Far beneath the surface of the tragic drama of Somalia, four major U.S. oil companies are quietly sitting on a prospective fortune in exclusive concessions to explore and exploit tens of millions of acres of the Somali countryside.
According to documents obtained by The Times, nearly two-thirds of Somalia was allocated to the American oil giants Conoco, Amoco, Chevron and Phillips in the final years before Somalia's pro-U.S. President Mohamed Siad Barre was overthrown and the nation plunged into chaos in January, 1991. ...
Officially, the Administration and the State Department insist that the U.S. military mission in Somalia is strictly humanitarian. Oil industry spokesmen dismissed as "absurd" and "nonsense" allegations by aid experts, veteran East Africa analysts and several prominent Somalis that President Bush, a former Texas oilman, was moved to act in Somalia, at least in part, by the U.S. corporate oil stake.
But corporate and scientific documents disclosed that the American companies are well positioned to pursue Somalia's most promising potential oil reserves the moment the nation is pacified. And the State Department and U.S. military officials acknowledge that one of those oil companies has done more than simply sit back and hope for pece.
Conoco Inc., the only major multinational corporation to maintain a functioning office in Mogadishu throughout the past two years of nationwide anarchy, has been directly involved in the U.S. government's role in the U.N.-sponsored humanitarian military effort.(Quoted in  The Oil Factor In Somalia | COLUMN ONE : The Oil Factor in Somalia : Four American petroleum giants had agreements with the African nation before its civil war began. They could reap big rewards if peace is restored. - Los Angeles Times 1993)
Somalia had been a colony of Italy and Britain. In 1969, a post-colonial government was formed under president Mohamed Siad Barre; major social programs in health and education were implemented, rural and urban infrastructure was developed in the course of the 1970s. 
The early 1980s marks a major turning point.

The IMF-World Bank structural adjustment program (SAP) was imposed on sub-Saharan Africa. The recurrent famines of the 1980s and 1990s are in large part the consequence of IMF-World Bank "economic medicine".

In Somalia, ten years of IMF economic medicine laid the foundations for the transition towards a framework of economic dislocation and social chaos.

By the late 1980s, following recurrent "austerity measures" imposed by the Washington consensus, wages in the public sector had collapsed to 3 dollars a month.
The following article first published in 1994 in Le Monde diplomatique and Third World Resurgence centers on the historical causes of famine in Somalia.
This article was subsequently integrated in my book The Globalization of Poverty and the New World Order, first edition 1997, second edition, Global Research. Montreal,  2003 

Somalia: the Real Causes of Famine
by Michel Chossudovsky
First published in 1994, Third World Resurgence and Le monde diplomatique

The IMF Intervention in the Early 1980s
Somalia was a pastoral economy based on "exchange" between nomadic herdsmen and small agriculturalists. Nomadic pastoralists accounted for 50 percent of the population. In the 1970s, resettlement programs led to the development of a sizeable sector of commercial pastoralism. Livestock contributed to 80 percent of export earnings until 1983. Despite recurrent droughts, Somalia remained virtually self-sufficient in food until the 1970s.
The IMF-World Bank intervention in the early 1980s contributed to exacerbating the crisis of Somali agriculture. The economic reforms undermined the fragile exchange relationship between the "nomadic economy" and the "sedentary economy" - i.e. between pastoralists and small farmers characterized by money transactions as well as traditional barter. A very tight austerity program was imposed on the government largely to release the funds required to service Somalia's debt with the Paris Club. In fact, a large share of the external debt was held by the Washington-based financial institutions.' According to an ILO mission report:
[T]he Fund alone among Somalia's major recipients of debt service payments, refuses to reschedule. (...) De facto it is helping to finance an adjustment program, one of whose major goals is to repay the IMF itself.
Towards the Destruction of Food Agriculture
The structural adjustment program reinforced Somalia's dependency on imported grain. From the mid-1970s to the mid-1980s, food aid increased fifteen-fold, at the rate of 31 percent per annum.' Combined with increased commercial imports, this influx of cheap surplus wheat and rice sold in the domestic market led to the displacement of local producers, as well as to a major shift in food consumption patterns to the detriment of traditional crops (maize and sorghum). The devaluation of the Somali shilling, imposed by the IMF in June 1981, was followed by periodic devaluations, leading to hikes in the prices of fuel, fertilizer and farm inputs. The impact on agricultural producers was immediate particularly in rain-fed agriculture, as well as in the areas of irrigated farming. Urban purchasing power declined dramatically, government extension programs were curtailed, infrastructure collapsed, the deregulation of the grain market and the influx of "food aid" led to the impoverishment of farming communities.'
Also, during this period, much of the best agricultural land was appropriated by bureaucrats, army officers and merchants with connections to the government.' Rather than promoting food production for the domestic market, the donors were encouraging the development of so-called "high value-added" fruits, vegetables, oilseeds and cotton for export on the best irrigated farmland.
Collapse of the Livestock Economy
As of the early 1980s, prices for imported livestock drugs increased as a result of the depreciation of the currency. The World Bank encouraged the exaction of user fees for veterinarian services to the nomadic herdsmen, including the vaccination of animals. A private market for veterinary drugs was promoted. The functions performed by the Ministry of Livestock were phased out, with the Veterinary Laboratory Services of the ministry to be fully financed on a cost-recovery basis. According to the World Bank:
Veterinarian services are essential for livestock development in all areas, and they can be provided mainly by the private sector. (... Since few private veterinarians will choose to practice in the remote pastoral areas, improved livestock care will also depend on "para vets" paid from drug sales.'
The privatization of animal health was combined with the absence of emergency animal feed during periods of drought, the commercialization of water and the neglect of water and rangeland conservation. The results were predictable: the herds were decimated and so were the pastoralists, who represent 50 percent of the country's population. The "hidden objective" of this program was to eliminate the nomadic herdsmen involved in the traditional exchange economy. According to the World Bank, "adjustments" in the size of the herds are, in any event, beneficial because nomadic pastoralists in sub-Saharan Africa are narrowly viewed as a cause of environmental degradation."
The collapse in veterinarian services also indirectly served the interests of the rich countries: in 1984, Somalian cattle exports to Saudi Arabia and the Gulf countries plummeted as Saudi beef imports were redirected to suppliers from Australia and the European Community. The ban on Somali livestock imposed by Saudi Arabia was not, however, removed once the rinderpest disease epidemic had been eliminated.
Destroying the State
The restructuring of government expenditure under the supervision of the Bretton Woods institutions also played a crucial role in destroying food agriculture. Agricultural infrastructure collapsed and recurrent expenditure in agriculture declined by about 85 percent in relation to the mid-1970s." The Somali government was prevented by the IMF from mobilizing domestic resources. Tight targets for the budget deficit were set. Moreover, the donors increasingly provided "aid", not in the form of imports of capital and equipment, but in the form of "food aid". The latter would in turn be sold by the government on the local market and the proceeds of these sales (i.e. the so-called "counterpart funds") would be used to cover the domestic costs of development projects. As of the early 1980s, "the sale of food aid" became the principal source of revenue for the state, thereby enabling donors to take control of the entire budgetary process."
The economic reforms were marked by the disintegration of health and educational programmes.'3 By 1989, expenditure on health had declined by 78 percent in relation to its 1975 level. According to World Bank figures, the level of recurrent expenditure on education in 1989 was about US$ 4 Per annum per primary school student down from about $ 82 in 1982. From 1981 to 1989, school enrolment declined by 41 percent (despite a sizeable increase in the population of school age), textbooks and school materials disappeared from the class-rooms, school buildings deteriorated and nearly a quarter of the primary schools closed down. Teachers' salaries declined to abysmally low levels.
The IMF-World Bank program has led the Somali economy into a vicious circle: the decimation of the herds pushed the nomadic pastoralists into starvation which in turn backlashes on grain producers who sold or bartered their grain for cattle. The entire social fabric of the pastoralist economy was undone. The collapse in foreign exchange earnings from declining cattle exports and remittances (from Somali workers in the Gulf countries) backlashed on the balance of payments and the state's public finances leading to the breakdown of the government's economic and social programs.
Small farmers were displaced as a result of the dumping of subsidized US grain on the domestic market combined with the hike in the price of farm inputs. The impoverishment of the urban population also led to a contraction of food consumption. In turn, state support in the irrigated areas was frozen and production in the state farms declined. The latter were slated to be closed down or privatized under World Bank supervision.
According to World Bank estimates, real public-sector wages in 1989 had declined by 90 percent in relation to the mid-1970s. Average wages in the public sector had fallen to US$ 3 a month, leading to the inevitable disintegration of the civil administration." A program to rehabilitate civil service wages was proposed by the World Bank (in the context of a reform of the civil service), but this objective was to be achieved within the same budgetary envelope by dismissing some 40 percent of public-sector employees and eliminating salary supplements." Under this plan, the civil service would have been reduced to a mere 25,000 employees by 1995 (in a country of six million people). Several donors indicated keen interest in funding the cost associated with the retrenchment of civil servants."

In the face of impending disaster, no attempt was made by the international donor community to rehabilitate the country's economic and social infrastructure, to restore levels of purchasing power and to rebuild the civil service: the macro-economic adjustment measures proposed by the creditors in the year prior to the collapse of the government of General Siyad Barre in January 1991 (at the height of the civil war) called for a further tightening over public spending, the restructuring of the Central Bank, the liberalization of credit (which virtually thwarted the private sector) and the liquidation and divestiture of most of the state enterprises.
In 1989, debt-servicing obligations represented 194.6 percent of export earnings. The IMF's loan was cancelled because of Somalia's outstanding arrears. The World Bank had approved a structural adjustment loan for US$ 70 million in June 1989 which was frozen a few months later due to Somalia's poor macro-economic performance. '7 Arrears with creditors had to be settled before the granting of new loans and the negotiation of debt rescheduling. Somalia was tangled in the straightjacket of debt servicing and structural adjustment.
Famine Formation in sub-Saharan Africa:  The Lessons of Somalia
Somalia's experience shows how a country can be devastated by the simultaneous application of food "aid" and macro-economic policy. There are many Somalias in the developing world and the economic reform package implemented in Somalia is similar to that applied in more than 100 developing countries. But there is another significant dimension: Somalia is a pastoralist economy, and throughout Africa both nomadic and commercial livestock are being destroyed by the IMF-World Bank program in much the same way as in Somalia. In this context, subsidized beef and dairy products imported (duty free) from the European Union have led to the demise of Africa's pastoral economy. European beef imports to West Africa have increased seven-fold since 1984: "the low quality EC beef sells at half the price of locally produced meat. Sahelian farmers are finding that no-one is prepared to buy their herds"."
The experience of Somalia shows that famine in the late 20th century is not a consequence of a shortage of food. On the contrary, famines are spurred on as a result of a global oversupply of grain staples. Since the 1980s, grain markets have been deregulated under the supervision of the World Bank and US grain surpluses are used systematically as in the case of Somalia to destroy the peasantry and destabilize national food agriculture. The latter becomes, under these circumstances, far more vulnerable to the vagaries of drought and environmental degradation.
Throughout the continent, the pattern of "sectoral adjustment" in agriculture under the custody of the Bretton Woods institutions has been unequivocally towards the destruction of food security. Dependency vis-à-vis the world market has been reinforced, "food aid" to sub-Saharan Africa increased by more than seven times since 1974 and commercial grain imports more than doubled. Grain imports for sub-Saharan Africa expanded from 3.72 million tons in 1974 to 8.47 million tons in 1993. Food aid increased from 910,000 tons in 1974 to 6.64 million tons in l993.
"Food aid", however, was no longer earmarked for the drought-stricken countries of the Sahelian belt; it was also channeled into countries which were, until recently, more or less self-sufficient in food. Zimbabwe (once considered the bread basket of Southern Africa) was severely affected by the famine and drought which swept Southern Africa in 1992. The country experienced a drop of 90 percent in its maize crop, located largely in less productive lands." Yet, ironically, at the height of the drought, tobacco for export (supported by modem irrigation, credit, research, etc.) registered a bumper harvest. While "the famine forces the population to eat termites", much of the export earnings from Zimbabwe's tobacco harvest were used to service the external debt.
Under the structural adjustment program, farmers have increasingly abandoned traditional food crops; in Malawi, which was once a net food exporter, maize production declined by 40 percent in 1992 while tobacco output doubled between 1986 and 1993. One hundred and fifty thousand hectares of the best land was allocated to tobacco .2' Throughout the 1980s, severe austerity measures were imposed on African governments and expenditures on rural development drastically curtailed, leading to the collapse of agricultural infrastructure. Under the World Bank program, water was to become a commodity to be sold on a cost-recovery basis to impoverished farmers. Due to lack of funds, the state was obliged to withdraw from the management and conservation of water resources. Water points and boreholes dried up due to lack of maintenance, or were privatized by local merchants and rich farmers. In the semi-arid regions, this commercialization of water and irrigation leads to the collapse of food security and famine.
Concluding Remarks
While "external" climatic variables play a role in triggering off a famine and heightening the social impact of drought, famines in the age of globalization are man-made. They are not the consequence of a scarcity of food but of a structure of global oversupply which undermines food security and destroys national food agriculture. Tightly regulated and controlled by international agri-business, this oversupply is ultimately conducive to the stagnation of both production and consumption of essential food staples and the impoverishment of farmers throughout the world. Moreover, in the era of globalization, the IMF-World Bank structural adjustment program bears a direct relationship to the process of famine formation because it systematically undermines all categories of economic activity, whether urban or rural, which do not directly serve the interests of the global market system.
(for footnotes see Chapter in the Globalization of Poverty)


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